Aeneid Book 1, lines 338-370

Dido’s story

by Virgil

Virgil’s Aeneas has landed on the coast near Carthage in North Africa as the city is being built by Dido, its Phoenician Queen, and is being told her story. The speaker appears to be a beautiful local huntress, but is actually the goddess Venus, Aeneas’s mother, in mortal disguise.

Aeneas is destined soon to begin a disastrous love affair with Dido which will have fatal consequences and lay the foundations for the deadly enmity in future centuries between Carthage and Rome. Agenor is a mythical Phoenician king.

The story of the ox-hide is that the Libyans offered to sell only as much land as could be bounded by one hide, in other words virtually none. The purchasers got round this by cutting the hide into extremely thin strips that could enclose large amounts of territory. “Byrsa” was the name of the Carthaginian citadel and “borsa” in Greek means an ox-hide.

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“Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem;
sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello.
Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta,
germanum fugiens. longa est iniuria, longae
ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum.
huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus agri
Phoenicum, et magno miserae dilectus amore,
cui pater intactam dederat, primisque iugarat
ominibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat
Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes.
quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sychaeum
impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore,
clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum
germanae; factumque diu celavit, et aegram,
multa malus simulans, vana spe lusit amantem.
ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago
coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris,
crudeles aras traiectaque pectora ferro
nudavit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexit.
tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet,
auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit
thesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri.
his commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat:
conveniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni
aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae,
corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur avari
Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti.
devenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis
moenia surgentemque novae Karthaginis arcem,
mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam,
taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo.
sed vos qui tandem, quibus aut venistis ab oris,
quove tenetis iter?”

“It is a Punic realm and Phoenicians that you see, a city of Agenor, on its borders are the Libyans, a people formidable in war. Dido rules here, and has fled from her brother and begun a Tyrian city. It is a long and complicated tale of injustice, but I will tell the main points. Her husband was Sychaeus, richest of the Phoenicians in land, dear to the poor woman by her great love for him. Her father gave her to him when a maid, and joined them under the best of auspices. But the ruler of Tyre was her brother Pygmalion, whose crimes made him the foulest of all men. Madness was at their core: sacrilegiously, blind with the love of gold, he secretly cut the unsuspecting Sychaeus down at the altars, regardless of his sister’s love. Wickedly, he long hid the deed with many pretences, and deceived the lovesick woman with vain hope. But her unburied husband’s ghost itself came to her in dreams and, lifting its strange, pale face, revealed the cruelty at the altar and the stab-wounds in its breast, and laid bare all the house’s hidden crime. It persuaded her to flee her homeland at once, and to help the journey revealed ancient buried treasures, uncountable weights of silver and gold. Shaken, Dido found companions for her escape. Men to whom the tyrant’s cruel hate or his fear were a danger banded together.  They took ships which happened to be in readiness and loaded them with gold, and, with a woman as leader, the riches that Pygmalion lusted for were put to sea. They came to this place where now you see the great walls and citadel of new Carthage rising, where they bought only so much land as they could ring with an ox’s hide, named Byrsa after the deed. Now, who are you, what shores have you come from and where are you going?”

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Harpy’s prophecy
  2. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  3. Sea-nymphs
  4. Aristaeus’s bees
  5. Vulcan’s forge
  6. Cassandra is taken
  7. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  8. The farmer’s starry calendar
  9. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  10. The infant Camilla
  11. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  12. New allies for Aeneas
  13. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  14. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  15. Turnus is lured away from battle
  16. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  17. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  18. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  19. The death of Priam
  20. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  21. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  22. Juno throws open the gates of war
  23. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  24. Dido falls in love
  25. The journey to Hades begins
  26. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  27. Laocoon and the snakes
  28. What is this wooden horse?
  29. Dido’s release
  30. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  31. Rites for the allies’ dead
  32. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  33. Signs of bad weather
  34. The death of Pallas
  35. Aeneas’s oath
  36. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  37. Love is the same for all
  38. Turnus at bay
  39. The battle for Priam’s palace
  40. In King Latinus’s hall
  41. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  42. The death of Dido
  43. Juno’s anger
  44. Venus speaks
  45. Turnus the wolf
  46. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  47. Catastrophe for Rome?
  48. The Trojans reach Carthage
  49. Aeneas and Dido meet
  50. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  51. The Aeneid begins
  52. Into battle
  53. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  54. Aeneas is wounded
  55. Charon, the ferryman
  56. The Syrian hostess
  57. The boxers
  58. Storm at sea!
  59. The natural history of bees
  60. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  61. King Mezentius meets his match
  62. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  63. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  64. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  65. Jupiter’s prophecy
  66. Helen in the darkness
  67. Rumour
  68. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  69. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  70. The farmer’s happy lot
  71. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  72. The Trojan horse opens
  73. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  74. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  75. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  76. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  77. Mourning for Pallas
  78. Aeneas joins the fray
  79. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  80. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  81. The portals of sleep
  82. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  83. Juno is reconciled
  84. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  85. Virgil begins the Georgics
  86. The death of Priam

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