Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Trojans reach Carthage
  2. The farmer’s happy lot
  3. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  4. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  5. Rumour
  6. The farmer’s starry calendar
  7. The Trojan horse opens
  8. Juno throws open the gates of war
  9. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  10. Aeneas joins the fray
  11. Venus speaks
  12. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  13. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  14. The death of Dido
  15. The journey to Hades begins
  16. Cassandra is taken
  17. Aeneas’s oath
  18. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  19. Signs of bad weather
  20. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  21. The natural history of bees
  22. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  23. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  24. The Syrian hostess
  25. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  26. Aeneas is wounded
  27. Charon, the ferryman
  28. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  29. Helen in the darkness
  30. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  31. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  32. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  33. In King Latinus’s hall
  34. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  35. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  36. Turnus at bay
  37. King Mezentius meets his match
  38. Virgil begins the Georgics
  39. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  40. Turnus is lured away from battle
  41. Rites for the allies’ dead
  42. The death of Priam
  43. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  44. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  45. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  46. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  47. Dido falls in love
  48. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  49. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  50. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  51. Juno’s anger
  52. Aeneas and Dido meet
  53. The death of Pallas
  54. New allies for Aeneas
  55. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  56. The Harpy’s prophecy
  57. The battle for Priam’s palace
  58. Love is the same for all
  59. Dido’s story
  60. Dido’s release
  61. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  62. Juno is reconciled
  63. Sea-nymphs
  64. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  65. Jupiter’s prophecy
  66. The boxers
  67. Mourning for Pallas
  68. Catastrophe for Rome?
  69. What is this wooden horse?
  70. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  71. The death of Priam
  72. Into battle
  73. Laocoon and the snakes
  74. The portals of sleep
  75. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  76. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  77. Vulcan’s forge
  78. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  79. Turnus the wolf
  80. The infant Camilla
  81. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  82. Storm at sea!
  83. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  84. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  85. The Aeneid begins
  86. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …