Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  2. Aeneas is wounded
  3. The natural history of bees
  4. The Trojan horse opens
  5. Turnus the wolf
  6. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  7. Cassandra is taken
  8. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  9. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  10. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  11. The farmer’s starry calendar
  12. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  13. Charon, the ferryman
  14. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  15. Aeneas joins the fray
  16. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  17. The death of Priam
  18. Venus speaks
  19. Juno is reconciled
  20. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  21. Into battle
  22. Jupiter’s prophecy
  23. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  24. New allies for Aeneas
  25. The Harpy’s prophecy
  26. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  27. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  28. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  29. Virgil begins the Georgics
  30. The Aeneid begins
  31. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  32. Dido’s story
  33. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  34. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  35. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  36. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  37. The journey to Hades begins
  38. The battle for Priam’s palace
  39. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  40. Catastrophe for Rome?
  41. The Syrian hostess
  42. The portals of sleep
  43. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  44. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  45. What is this wooden horse?
  46. Rites for the allies’ dead
  47. Storm at sea!
  48. Aeneas and Dido meet
  49. Dido falls in love
  50. Aeneas’s oath
  51. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  52. Signs of bad weather
  53. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  54. The Trojans reach Carthage
  55. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  56. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  57. The death of Priam
  58. The infant Camilla
  59. King Mezentius meets his match
  60. Vulcan’s forge
  61. Dido’s release
  62. Sea-nymphs
  63. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  64. Mourning for Pallas
  65. The death of Dido
  66. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  67. Turnus at bay
  68. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  69. In King Latinus’s hall
  70. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  71. The farmer’s happy lot
  72. Helen in the darkness
  73. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  74. Turnus is lured away from battle
  75. Laocoon and the snakes
  76. Love is the same for all
  77. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  78. Juno’s anger
  79. The death of Pallas
  80. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  81. The boxers
  82. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  83. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  84. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  85. Rumour
  86. Juno throws open the gates of war

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