Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  2. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  3. The battle for Priam’s palace
  4. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  5. The Trojans reach Carthage
  6. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  7. The Trojan horse opens
  8. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  9. Charon, the ferryman
  10. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  11. Juno throws open the gates of war
  12. Turnus is lured away from battle
  13. Jupiter’s prophecy
  14. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  15. The death of Dido
  16. Virgil begins the Georgics
  17. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  18. Cassandra is taken
  19. Laocoon and the snakes
  20. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  21. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  22. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  23. Aeneas and Dido meet
  24. The Syrian hostess
  25. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  26. The portals of sleep
  27. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  28. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  29. Signs of bad weather
  30. The Harpy’s prophecy
  31. The farmer’s happy lot
  32. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  33. New allies for Aeneas
  34. What is this wooden horse?
  35. The farmer’s starry calendar
  36. Mourning for Pallas
  37. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  38. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  39. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  40. Helen in the darkness
  41. The death of Priam
  42. In King Latinus’s hall
  43. The Aeneid begins
  44. Catastrophe for Rome?
  45. Aeneas’s oath
  46. Vulcan’s forge
  47. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  48. The death of Priam
  49. Juno is reconciled
  50. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  51. Turnus at bay
  52. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  53. Venus speaks
  54. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  55. The boxers
  56. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  57. Rumour
  58. Rites for the allies’ dead
  59. Dido falls in love
  60. Juno’s anger
  61. Dido’s story
  62. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  63. Into battle
  64. Storm at sea!
  65. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  66. King Mezentius meets his match
  67. Love is the same for all
  68. The natural history of bees
  69. The journey to Hades begins
  70. Aeneas is wounded
  71. Dido’s release
  72. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  73. The infant Camilla
  74. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  75. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  76. Turnus the wolf
  77. Sea-nymphs
  78. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  79. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  80. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  81. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  82. Aeneas joins the fray
  83. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  84. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  85. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  86. The death of Pallas
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