Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Charon, the ferryman
  2. The Trojan horse opens
  3. Rumour
  4. Dido’s story
  5. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  6. Dido’s release
  7. The infant Camilla
  8. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  9. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  10. The natural history of bees
  11. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  12. Turnus the wolf
  13. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  14. Laocoon and the snakes
  15. Storm at sea!
  16. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  17. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  18. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  19. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  20. Juno’s anger
  21. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  22. Signs of bad weather
  23. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  24. Catastrophe for Rome?
  25. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  26. Aeneas and Dido meet
  27. The farmer’s starry calendar
  28. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  29. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  30. The Syrian hostess
  31. The journey to Hades begins
  32. The Trojans reach Carthage
  33. Love is the same for all
  34. Aeneas is wounded
  35. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  36. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  37. Aeneas joins the fray
  38. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  39. Virgil begins the Georgics
  40. Aeneas’s oath
  41. The portals of sleep
  42. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  43. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  44. In King Latinus’s hall
  45. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  46. Juno is reconciled
  47. Turnus is lured away from battle
  48. Rites for the allies’ dead
  49. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  50. King Mezentius meets his match
  51. Sea-nymphs
  52. The death of Dido.
  53. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  54. Mourning for Pallas
  55. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  56. Dido falls in love
  57. Juno throws open the gates of war
  58. Jupiter’s prophecy
  59. New allies for Aeneas
  60. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  61. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  62. The death of Priam
  63. The Aeneid begins
  64. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  65. What is this wooden horse?
  66. The death of Pallas
  67. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  68. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  69. Turnus at bay
  70. The Harpy’s prophecy
  71. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  72. The farmer’s happy lot
  73. Vulcan’s forge
  74. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  75. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  76. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  77. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  78. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  79. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
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