Aeneid Book 4, lines 238 - 258

Mercury’s journey to Carthage

by Virgil

Here is Mercury on his way to Carthage with a stern message for Aeneas from the Gods. Virgil combines a description of Mercury which is quite closely based on Homer with ideas of his own personifying Mount Atlas as a huge, craggy old man.

Mercury’s function as a psychopomp – a guide of the the souls of the dead – features in Homer’s Odyssey, where he brings the souls of Penelope’s suitors to the underworld when Odysseus has killed them. “Opening eyes in death” is a reference to the Roman custom of opening the eyes of the dead on the funeral pyre.

Mercury’s mother, Maia, was the daughter of Atlas. Mercury is called “the Cyllenian” after Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, where, according to tradition, he was born.

See the illustrated blog post here.

To follow the story of Aeneas in sequence, use this link to the full Pantheon Poets selection of extracts from the Aeneid. See the next episode here.

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Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat
imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit
aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra
seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant.
tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco
pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,
dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat
nubila. iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit
Atlantis duri caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris
piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis
constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas
misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum
piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat
litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat
materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.

The Great Father had spoken. Mercury prepared
to obey his order, and first laced the golden
sandals on his feet which bear him aloft on
their wings as fast as the wind over sea and land.
Next he took his wand, with which he summons
pale ghosts from Orcus, sends others under sad
Tartarus, gives and takes sleep and opens eyes
in death. With it he drives the winds and swims
over the wild clouds. In flight he sees the peak
and steep sides of rough Atlas, whose crown supports
the heavens, Atlas whose pine-clad head is forever
girt with black clouds and lashed by gale and storm,
snowfall clothes his shoulders, torrents crash down
from the ancient’s chin, his bristling beard is stiff
with ice. Here the Cyllenian, hovering on both wings,
first paused, then stooped headlong close to the waves in
the shape of a bird which flies low, skimming the surface,
around the shore and the fishes’ rocky home.
Just so Cyllene’s child cut the winds as he came,
flying between earth and sky to Libya’s sandy shore
from his maternal grandsire.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  2. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  3. Helen in the darkness
  4. The farmer’s starry calendar
  5. Juno’s anger
  6. The boxers
  7. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  8. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  9. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  10. Aeneas joins the fray
  11. Love is the same for all
  12. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  13. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  14. Turnus at bay
  15. King Mezentius meets his match
  16. The battle for Priam’s palace
  17. What is this wooden horse?
  18. Cassandra is taken
  19. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  20. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  21. Into battle
  22. Venus speaks
  23. Dido falls in love
  24. In King Latinus’s hall
  25. Virgil begins the Georgics
  26. Vulcan’s forge
  27. Rumour
  28. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  29. Aeneas is wounded
  30. Aristaeus’s bees
  31. Dido’s release
  32. The death of Priam
  33. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  34. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  35. Aeneas’s oath
  36. Dido’s story
  37. Signs of bad weather
  38. Laocoon and the snakes
  39. Juno is reconciled
  40. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  41. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  42. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  43. The infant Camilla
  44. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  45. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  46. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  47. The natural history of bees
  48. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  49. The death of Dido
  50. Juno throws open the gates of war
  51. The portals of sleep
  52. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  53. New allies for Aeneas
  54. Mourning for Pallas
  55. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  56. Aeneas and Dido meet
  57. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  58. The farmer’s happy lot
  59. Rites for the allies’ dead
  60. The Trojans reach Carthage
  61. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  62. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  63. Charon, the ferryman
  64. The Aeneid begins
  65. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  66. Turnus is lured away from battle
  67. The Syrian hostess
  68. Catastrophe for Rome?
  69. The Harpy’s prophecy
  70. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  71. The death of Priam
  72. The death of Pallas
  73. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  74. Turnus the wolf
  75. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  76. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  77. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  78. Storm at sea!
  79. The Trojan horse opens
  80. Sea-nymphs
  81. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  82. Jupiter’s prophecy
  83. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  84. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  85. The journey to Hades begins
  86. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
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