Aeneid Book 4, lines 238 - 258

Mercury’s journey to Carthage

by Virgil

Here is Mercury on his way to Carthage with a stern message for Aeneas from the Gods. Virgil combines a description of Mercury which is quite closely based on Homer with ideas of his own personifying Mount Atlas as a huge, craggy old man.

Mercury’s function as a psychopomp – a guide of the the souls of the dead – features in Homer’s Odyssey, where he brings the souls of Penelope’s suitors to the underworld when Odysseus has killed them. “Opening eyes in death” is a reference to the Roman custom of opening the eyes of the dead on the funeral pyre.

Mercury’s mother, Maia, was the daughter of Atlas. Mercury is called “the Cyllenian” after Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, where, according to tradition, he was born.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat
imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit
aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra
seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant.
tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco
pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,
dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat
nubila. iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit
Atlantis duri caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris
piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis
constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas
misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum
piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat
litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat
materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.

The Great Father had spoken. Mercury prepared
to obey his order, and first laced the golden
sandals on his feet which bear him aloft on
their wings as fast as the wind over sea and land.
Next he took his wand, with which he summons
pale ghosts from Orcus, sends others under sad
Tartarus, gives and takes sleep and opens eyes
in death. With it he drives the winds and swims
over the wild clouds. In flight he sees the peak
and steep sides of rough Atlas, whose crown supports
the heavens, Atlas whose pine-clad head is forever
girt with black clouds and lashed by gale and storm,
snowfall clothes his shoulders, torrents crash down
from the ancient’s chin, his bristling beard is stiff
with ice. Here the Cyllenian, hovering on both wings,
first paused, then stooped headlong close to the waves in
the shape of a bird which flies low, skimming the surface,
around the shore and the fishes’ rocky home.
Just so Cyllene’s child cut the winds as he came,
flying between earth and sky to Libya’s sandy shore
from his maternal grandsire.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Dido’s release
  2. Sea-nymphs
  3. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  4. Laocoon and the snakes
  5. Juno throws open the gates of war
  6. The Aeneid begins
  7. The death of Pallas
  8. In King Latinus’s hall
  9. The infant Camilla
  10. King Mezentius meets his match
  11. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  12. The death of Dido.
  13. Jupiter’s prophecy
  14. The death of Priam
  15. Rumour
  16. Charon, the ferryman
  17. Turnus the wolf
  18. The Syrian hostess
  19. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  20. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  21. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  22. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  23. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  24. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  25. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  26. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  27. The farmer’s happy lot
  28. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  29. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  30. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  31. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  32. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  33. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  34. The Harpy’s prophecy
  35. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  36. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  37. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  38. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  39. The natural history of bees
  40. Love is the same for all
  41. Rites for the allies’ dead
  42. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  43. Mourning for Pallas
  44. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  45. Aeneas joins the fray
  46. Juno is reconciled
  47. Dido falls in love
  48. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  49. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  50. Virgil begins the Georgics
  51. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  52. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  53. Catastrophe for Rome?
  54. Aeneas’s oath
  55. The farmer’s starry calendar
  56. The journey to Hades begins
  57. The portals of sleep
  58. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  59. Turnus at bay
  60. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  61. Signs of bad weather
  62. Storm at sea!
  63. Turnus is lured away from battle
  64. Vulcan’s forge
  65. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  66. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  67. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  68. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  69. Aeneas is wounded
  70. New allies for Aeneas
  71. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  72. The Trojans reach Carthage
  73. Aristaeus’s bees