Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Cassandra is taken
  2. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  3. Charon, the ferryman
  4. The death of Priam
  5. Aristaeus’s bees
  6. The infant Camilla
  7. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  8. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  9. Juno throws open the gates of war
  10. The battle for Priam’s palace
  11. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  12. Dido falls in love
  13. Juno’s anger
  14. Helen in the darkness
  15. The journey to Hades begins
  16. Rumour
  17. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  18. Turnus the wolf
  19. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  20. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  21. Sea-nymphs
  22. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  23. Venus speaks
  24. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  25. Dido’s release
  26. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  27. Love is the same for all
  28. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  29. Aeneas and Dido meet
  30. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  31. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  32. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  33. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  34. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  35. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  36. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  37. The Harpy’s prophecy
  38. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  39. Signs of bad weather
  40. The Trojan horse opens
  41. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  42. What is this wooden horse?
  43. Turnus at bay
  44. Storm at sea!
  45. Aeneas joins the fray
  46. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  47. The farmer’s starry calendar
  48. Laocoon and the snakes
  49. In King Latinus’s hall
  50. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  51. The death of Priam
  52. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  53. The boxers
  54. Mourning for Pallas
  55. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  56. Aeneas’s oath
  57. Catastrophe for Rome?
  58. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  59. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  60. Vulcan’s forge
  61. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  62. Turnus is lured away from battle
  63. Into battle
  64. The Aeneid begins
  65. Aeneas is wounded
  66. The natural history of bees
  67. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  68. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  69. The farmer’s happy lot
  70. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  71. The death of Pallas
  72. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  73. New allies for Aeneas
  74. The Syrian hostess
  75. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  76. The Trojans reach Carthage
  77. Juno is reconciled
  78. The portals of sleep
  79. Jupiter’s prophecy
  80. King Mezentius meets his match
  81. Dido’s story
  82. Rites for the allies’ dead
  83. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  84. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  85. The death of Dido
  86. Virgil begins the Georgics
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