Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas is wounded
  2. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  3. The portals of sleep
  4. Aristaeus’s bees
  5. Dido’s release
  6. Mourning for Pallas
  7. The Harpy’s prophecy
  8. Dido’s story
  9. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  10. The natural history of bees
  11. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  12. The death of Priam
  13. Love is the same for all
  14. Aeneas and Dido meet
  15. The Trojan horse opens
  16. Laocoon and the snakes
  17. Vulcan’s forge
  18. The boxers
  19. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  20. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  21. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  22. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  23. Storm at sea!
  24. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  25. King Mezentius meets his match
  26. The journey to Hades begins
  27. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  28. In King Latinus’s hall
  29. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  30. The farmer’s happy lot
  31. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  32. Charon, the ferryman
  33. Rites for the allies’ dead
  34. The Syrian hostess
  35. Rumour
  36. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  37. Juno’s anger
  38. The battle for Priam’s palace
  39. Helen in the darkness
  40. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  41. Aeneas’s oath
  42. Turnus is lured away from battle
  43. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  44. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  45. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  46. Signs of bad weather
  47. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  48. Turnus at bay
  49. What is this wooden horse?
  50. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  51. The farmer’s starry calendar
  52. Turnus the wolf
  53. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  54. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  55. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  56. Cassandra is taken
  57. Juno throws open the gates of war
  58. Jupiter’s prophecy
  59. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  60. Sea-nymphs
  61. Venus speaks
  62. The infant Camilla
  63. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  64. The death of Priam
  65. The Aeneid begins
  66. Dido falls in love
  67. Catastrophe for Rome?
  68. Juno is reconciled
  69. Virgil begins the Georgics
  70. New allies for Aeneas
  71. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  72. Aeneas joins the fray
  73. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  74. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  75. The Trojans reach Carthage
  76. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  77. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  78. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  79. Into battle
  80. The death of Dido
  81. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  82. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  83. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  84. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  85. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  86. The death of Pallas
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