Aeneid Book 12, lines 161 - 194

Aeneas’s oath

by Virgil

The Goddess Juno, Turnus’s patron and Aeneas’s enemy, has gone to great lengths to avoid a duel between the two to decide the outcome of the conflict between the Trojans and the Latins. Now, however, as the fortunes of war have turned against the Latins, it looks as though it is finally going to happen. At the duelling ground, Aeneas and King Latinus swear to abide by the outcome. Aeneas goes further, and swears that, if he wins, he will not treat the Italians as a conquered people, but will live harmoniously with them in a spirit of justice and equity. As we will see, the actions of others could be seen as freeing him from his oath, but Virgil’s Roman audience would know – or believe – that this was the course that history had indeed taken. In describing how the human conflicts and aspirations that give the Aeneid its theme will be resolved, this is an important part of the poem’s ending.

See the illustrated blog post here.

To follow the story of Aeneas in sequence, use this link to the full Pantheon Poets selection of extracts from the Aeneid; see the next episode here.

To listen, press play:

To scroll the original and English translation of the poem at the same time - tap inside one box to select it and then scroll.

Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus
quadriiugo vehitur curru (cui tempora circum
aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt,
Solis avi specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis,
bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.
hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,
sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis
et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,
procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos
saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem
attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.
illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem
dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro
summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant.
Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur:
‘esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti,
quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,
et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx
(iam melior, iam, diva, precor), tuque inclute Mavors,
cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques;
fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti
religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto:
cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,
convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,
cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles
Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent.
sin nostrum adnuerit nobis victoria Martem
(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),
non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo
nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae
invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.
sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto,
imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri
constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.’

The Kings come, Latinus borne in great state
in his four-horse car, shining temples girt with
twelve golden rays, token of his ancestor,
the Sun, Turnus with his white team, hand
gripping twin, broad-bladed spears. Father
Aeneas, fount of the Roman race, shining
with starry shield and heavenly arms,
by him Ascanius, other great hope of Rome,
come from the camp, the priest in spotless robes
brings the offspring of bristly pigs and an unshorn
sheep and takes the beasts to the blazing altars.
Gaze turned to the rising sun, they pour from their
hands the salted grain and mark the top of the beasts’
brows with the knife, pour libations on the altars from
the cups. Then, sword drawn, pious Aeneas prays:
“Let the Sun, and this land for which I was able
to bear such great troubles stand witness as I call,
and the almighty Father, and you, divine consort,
hence a kinder deity, I pray, and you, glorious Mars,
Father who hold all wars fast under your sway,
and I call on springs, rivers and whatever powers are
in the lofty sky and gods in the blue ocean:
should victory chance to fall to Ausonian Turnus,
it is agreed that the vanquished shall withdraw to
Evander’s city, Iulus leave these lands, nor will my
people take up rebellious arms or harm this realm
with steel. If victory grants our arms the cause,
as rather I believe, and may the authority of the Gods
confirm, I will not command Italians to obey the Trojans,
nor seek dominion myself: both peoples, undefeated,
shall combine under equal laws in an eternal compact.
I’ll give my gods and holy relics: as my father-in-law,
Let Latinus keep solemn authority and sway our arms:
the Trojans shall build my town, Lavinia give her name.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  2. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  3. The farmer’s happy lot
  4. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  5. The death of Priam
  6. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  7. Rumour
  8. The portals of sleep
  9. Cassandra is taken
  10. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  11. The farmer’s starry calendar
  12. In King Latinus’s hall
  13. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  14. Charon, the ferryman
  15. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  16. Love is the same for all
  17. Dido’s story
  18. Turnus is lured away from battle
  19. King Mezentius meets his match
  20. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  21. Aeneas is wounded
  22. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  23. Aeneas and Dido meet
  24. The death of Pallas
  25. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  26. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  27. Laocoon and the snakes
  28. Juno throws open the gates of war
  29. Virgil begins the Georgics
  30. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  31. Rites for the allies’ dead
  32. Catastrophe for Rome?
  33. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  34. Aeneas joins the fray
  35. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  36. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  37. Mourning for Pallas
  38. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  39. The Syrian hostess
  40. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  41. The Trojans reach Carthage
  42. Aristaeus’s bees
  43. The Aeneid begins
  44. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  45. The Trojan horse opens
  46. The infant Camilla
  47. The battle for Priam’s palace
  48. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  49. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  50. Signs of bad weather
  51. Turnus the wolf
  52. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  53. Helen in the darkness
  54. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  55. Storm at sea!
  56. Turnus at bay
  57. Dido falls in love
  58. What is this wooden horse?
  59. The boxers
  60. Jupiter’s prophecy
  61. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  62. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  63. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  64. Juno is reconciled
  65. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  66. The journey to Hades begins
  67. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  68. Sea-nymphs
  69. The Harpy’s prophecy
  70. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  71. New allies for Aeneas
  72. Juno’s anger
  73. Venus speaks
  74. Dido’s release
  75. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  76. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  77. The death of Dido
  78. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  79. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  80. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  81. Into battle
  82. The natural history of bees
  83. The death of Priam
  84. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  85. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  86. Vulcan’s forge
Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.