Aeneid book 2, lines 145-198

What is this wooden horse?

by Virgil

After Dido’s banquet, Aeneas has begun to tell of the fall of Troy. One day, the citizens of Troy find the Greeks and their ships gone, and a vast wooden horse left behind them. A Greek spy, Sinon, has remained behind to trick the Trojans into bringing the horse into the city. He has been arousing their pity with a lie, claiming that he was earmarked as a human sacrifice, but managed to escape.

Calchas was the principal seer of the Greeks. Fillets are ceremonial headbands worn for religious ritual.

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His lacrimis vitam damus et miserescimus ultro.
ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari
vincla iubet Priamus dictisque ita fatur amicis:
“quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios
(noster eris) mihique haec edissere vera roganti:
quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere? quis auctor?
quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli?”
dixerat. ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasga
sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas:
“vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum
testor numen,” ait, “vos arae ensesque nefandi,
quos fugi, vittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi:
fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura,
fas odisse viros atque omnia ferre sub auras,
si qua tegunt, teneor patriae nec legibus ullis.
tu modo promissis maneas servataque serves
Troia fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam.
omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli
Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. impius ex quo
Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes,
fatale adgressi sacrato avellere templo
Palladium caesis summae custodibus arcis,
corripuere sacram effigiem manibusque cruentis
virgineas ausi divae contingere vittas,
ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri
spes Danaum, fractae vires, aversa deae mens.
nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris.
vix positum castris simulacrum: arsere coruscae
luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus
sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu)
emicuit parmamque ferens hastamque trementem.
extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas,
nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis
omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant
quod pelago et curvis secum auexere carinis.
et nunc quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas,
arma deosque parant comites pelagoque remenso
improvisi aderunt; ita digerit omina Calchas.
hanc pro Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso
effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret.
hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem
roboribus textis caeloque educere iussit,
ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset,
neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri.
nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae,
tum magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum
convertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum;
sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem,
ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello
venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes.”
Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis
credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis
quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles,
non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae.

“In response to these tears, we spared him, and even pitied him. Priam first spoke friendly words to order his shackles and bonds removed, saying: ‘Whoever you are, now forget your lost Greeks; you will be one of us. Now tell me truly, what did they set up this huge image of an enormous horse for? Who made it? What were they trying to do? A religious purpose, or is it a weapon of war?’ Sinon, versed in Greek tricks and subtlety, Stretched his hands, freed from their bonds, to the heavens, saying: ‘You eternal stars, with your inviolable majesty, I call you to witness, and you, the altars and the blades with which the crime was to be done, and you fillets of the Gods, which I wore as the victim, that it is lawful to break the sacred oaths of the Greeks, to hate them, and disclose what they conceal; nor am I bound by any laws of my homeland. Only keep your promises and keep faith with your preserver, if I give a great gift in return by disclosing the truth. The Greeks’ hopes, and confidence in starting the war, always depended on help from Athena. But from that day when Ajax, and Ulysses the inventor of crimes, coming to tear the sacred Palladium from the holy temple and having killed the sentries at the top of the citadel, seized the sacred image and dared to contaminate the virgin fillets of the Goddess with bloody hands, the hopes of the Greeks ran out, fell back and were reversed. Their strength was broken, the mind of the Goddess was turned away, and she made that plain by unambiguous signs. The image was scarcely in the camp, when dazzling flames burned from its upturned eyes, salt sweat flowed over its limbs and, a wonder! Three times it flashed up from the ground, bearing its shield and brandished spear! Right away, Calchas prophesied that we must flee by sea, and that Troy could not fall to Greek arms unless they sought fresh omens from Argos and brought back the holy idol which they had borne with them over the sea in their curved ships. Now that they have sailed for their ancestral Mycenae,  they are re-arming and seeking new divine favour, and will return over the sea when you do not expect. Thus Calchas set out the omens, and at his warning they set up this effigy in place of the Palladium and to expiate their grave sacrilege and the insult to the Goddess’s divinity. Calchas told them to make this bulk of jointed timbers huge, and rear it sky-high so that it could not fit your gates or be brought into the city, giving holy protection to the people as of old. For if Trojan hands should desecrate Minerva’s gift, it would bring great disaster to the realm of Priam and the Phrygians – may the gods turn the prophecy on their own heads! But should it mount into your city, brought by your own hands, Troy would come beyond Asia to the Greeks’ walls with a mighty war, and that would be the fate awaiting their descendants.’ Through such trickery, and the arts of perjured Sinon, it was believed, and men were snared whom neither Ajax, nor Achilles, nor ten years, nor a thousand ships, had overcome.”

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas and Dido meet
  2. Charon, the ferryman
  3. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  4. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  5. The Syrian hostess
  6. In King Latinus’s hall
  7. The death of Dido
  8. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  9. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  10. Dido’s story
  11. Aeneas joins the fray
  12. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  13. Catastrophe for Rome?
  14. The journey to Hades begins
  15. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  16. Turnus the wolf
  17. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  18. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  19. Juno is reconciled
  20. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  21. Juno throws open the gates of war
  22. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  23. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  24. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  25. Aeneas is wounded
  26. The farmer’s starry calendar
  27. Laocoon and the snakes
  28. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  29. Vulcan’s forge
  30. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  31. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  32. The battle for Priam’s palace
  33. Helen in the darkness
  34. Virgil begins the Georgics
  35. Dido’s release
  36. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  37. Signs of bad weather
  38. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  39. The death of Pallas
  40. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  41. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  42. The Aeneid begins
  43. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  44. Cassandra is taken
  45. The natural history of bees
  46. The death of Priam
  47. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  48. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  49. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  50. The infant Camilla
  51. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  52. The farmer’s happy lot
  53. The Trojans reach Carthage
  54. Turnus at bay
  55. Jupiter’s prophecy
  56. Rumour
  57. Venus speaks
  58. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  59. King Mezentius meets his match
  60. Rites for the allies’ dead
  61. The portals of sleep
  62. Dido falls in love
  63. Into battle
  64. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  65. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  66. Storm at sea!
  67. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  68. Juno’s anger
  69. New allies for Aeneas
  70. The boxers
  71. Sea-nymphs
  72. The death of Priam
  73. The Trojan horse opens
  74. Aeneas’s oath
  75. Turnus is lured away from battle
  76. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  77. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  78. The Harpy’s prophecy
  79. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  80. Love is the same for all
  81. Mourning for Pallas
  82. Aristaeus’s bees
  83. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  84. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  85. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  86. A Fury rouses Turnus to war

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