Aeneid book 2, lines 145-198

What is this wooden horse?

by Virgil

After Dido’s banquet, Aeneas has begun to tell of the fall of Troy. One day, the citizens of Troy find the Greeks and their ships gone, and a vast wooden horse left behind them. A Greek spy, Sinon, has remained behind to trick the Trojans into bringing the horse into the city. He has been arousing their pity with a lie, claiming that he was earmarked as a human sacrifice, but managed to escape.

Calchas was the principal seer of the Greeks. Fillets are ceremonial headbands worn for religious ritual.

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His lacrimis vitam damus et miserescimus ultro.
ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari
vincla iubet Priamus dictisque ita fatur amicis:
“quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios
(noster eris) mihique haec edissere vera roganti:
quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere? quis auctor?
quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli?”
dixerat. ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasga
sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas:
“vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum
testor numen,” ait, “vos arae ensesque nefandi,
quos fugi, vittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi:
fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura,
fas odisse viros atque omnia ferre sub auras,
si qua tegunt, teneor patriae nec legibus ullis.
tu modo promissis maneas servataque serves
Troia fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam.
omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli
Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. impius ex quo
Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes,
fatale adgressi sacrato avellere templo
Palladium caesis summae custodibus arcis,
corripuere sacram effigiem manibusque cruentis
virgineas ausi divae contingere vittas,
ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri
spes Danaum, fractae vires, aversa deae mens.
nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris.
vix positum castris simulacrum: arsere coruscae
luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus
sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu)
emicuit parmamque ferens hastamque trementem.
extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas,
nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis
omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant
quod pelago et curvis secum auexere carinis.
et nunc quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas,
arma deosque parant comites pelagoque remenso
improvisi aderunt; ita digerit omina Calchas.
hanc pro Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso
effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret.
hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem
roboribus textis caeloque educere iussit,
ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset,
neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri.
nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae,
tum magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum
convertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum;
sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem,
ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello
venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes.”
Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis
credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis
quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles,
non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae.

“In response to these tears, we spared him, and even pitied him. Priam first spoke friendly words to order his shackles and bonds removed, saying: ‘Whoever you are, now forget your lost Greeks; you will be one of us. Now tell me truly, what did they set up this huge image of an enormous horse for? Who made it? What were they trying to do? A religious purpose, or is it a weapon of war?’ Sinon, versed in Greek tricks and subtlety, Stretched his hands, freed from their bonds, to the heavens, saying: ‘You eternal stars, with your inviolable majesty, I call you to witness, and you, the altars and the blades with which the crime was to be done, and you fillets of the Gods, which I wore as the victim, that it is lawful to break the sacred oaths of the Greeks, to hate them, and disclose what they conceal; nor am I bound by any laws of my homeland. Only keep your promises and keep faith with your preserver, if I give a great gift in return by disclosing the truth. The Greeks’ hopes, and confidence in starting the war, always depended on help from Athena. But from that day when Ajax, and Ulysses the inventor of crimes, coming to tear the sacred Palladium from the holy temple and having killed the sentries at the top of the citadel, seized the sacred image and dared to contaminate the virgin fillets of the Goddess with bloody hands, the hopes of the Greeks ran out, fell back and were reversed. Their strength was broken, the mind of the Goddess was turned away, and she made that plain by unambiguous signs. The image was scarcely in the camp, when dazzling flames burned from its upturned eyes, salt sweat flowed over its limbs and, a wonder! Three times it flashed up from the ground, bearing its shield and brandished spear! Right away, Calchas prophesied that we must flee by sea, and that Troy could not fall to Greek arms unless they sought fresh omens from Argos and brought back the holy idol which they had borne with them over the sea in their curved ships. Now that they have sailed for their ancestral Mycenae,  they are re-arming and seeking new divine favour, and will return over the sea when you do not expect. Thus Calchas set out the omens, and at his warning they set up this effigy in place of the Palladium and to expiate their grave sacrilege and the insult to the Goddess’s divinity. Calchas told them to make this bulk of jointed timbers huge, and rear it sky-high so that it could not fit your gates or be brought into the city, giving holy protection to the people as of old. For if Trojan hands should desecrate Minerva’s gift, it would bring great disaster to the realm of Priam and the Phrygians – may the gods turn the prophecy on their own heads! But should it mount into your city, brought by your own hands, Troy would come beyond Asia to the Greeks’ walls with a mighty war, and that would be the fate awaiting their descendants.’ Through such trickery, and the arts of perjured Sinon, it was believed, and men were snared whom neither Ajax, nor Achilles, nor ten years, nor a thousand ships, had overcome.”

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  2. The Trojan horse opens
  3. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  4. Cassandra is taken
  5. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  6. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  7. Vulcan’s forge
  8. Turnus the wolf
  9. Storm at sea!
  10. King Mezentius meets his match
  11. Juno’s anger
  12. Dido’s story
  13. The Syrian hostess
  14. In King Latinus’s hall
  15. The farmer’s starry calendar
  16. Turnus is lured away from battle
  17. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  18. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  19. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  20. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  21. New allies for Aeneas
  22. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  23. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  24. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  25. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  26. Aeneas’s oath
  27. Aristaeus’s bees
  28. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  29. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  30. The infant Camilla
  31. Aeneas is wounded
  32. The natural history of bees
  33. Mourning for Pallas
  34. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  35. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  36. Sea-nymphs
  37. Aeneas joins the fray
  38. The death of Dido.
  39. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  40. Rites for the allies’ dead
  41. Into battle
  42. Aeneas and Dido meet
  43. Rumour
  44. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  45. Catastrophe for Rome?
  46. The journey to Hades begins
  47. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  48. Juno throws open the gates of war
  49. The death of Pallas
  50. Turnus at bay
  51. Charon, the ferryman
  52. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  53. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  54. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  55. Signs of bad weather
  56. The portals of sleep
  57. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  58. Juno is reconciled
  59. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  60. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  61. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  62. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  63. Dido’s release
  64. The death of Priam
  65. Laocoon and the snakes
  66. The Harpy’s prophecy
  67. Dido falls in love
  68. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  69. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  70. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  71. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  72. The Trojans reach Carthage
  73. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  74. The Aeneid begins
  75. Virgil begins the Georgics
  76. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  77. Love is the same for all
  78. The farmer’s happy lot
  79. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  80. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  81. Jupiter’s prophecy
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