Aeneid Book 2, lines 401-452

Cassandra is taken

by Virgil

After initial success, things turn against the desperate, last defenders of Troy in Virgil’s Aeneid, as Aeneas’s band tries in vain to free the captive Trojan prophetess Cassandra from her Greek captors. Coroebus, in love with Cassandra, leads the attack to save her.

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Heu nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis!
ecce trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo
crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae,
ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra,—
lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas.
non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus,
et sese medium iniecit periturus in agmen.
consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis.
hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis
nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes
armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum.
tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira
undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Aiax,
et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus omnis;
adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti
confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois
Eurus equis; stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti
spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo.
olli etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram
fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe,
apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela
adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.
ilicet obruimur numero; primusque Coroebus
Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram
procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus
qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi:
dis aliter visum; pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque
confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu,
labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit.
Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum,
testor, in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas
vitavisse vices Danaum, et, si fata fuissent
ut caderem, meruisse manu. Divellimur inde,
Iphitus et Pelias mecum, quorum Iphitus aevo
iam gravior, Pelias et volnere tardus Ulixi;
protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati.
hic vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam
bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe.
sic Martem indomitum, Danaosque ad tecta ruentis
cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen.
haerent parietibus scalae, postisque sub ipsos
nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris
protecti obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris.
Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum
culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt,
extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis;
auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum,
devolvunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas
obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso.
Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis,
auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere victis.

Alas, no-one may put faith in unwilling gods! There comes Priam’s daughter Cassandra, hair down, dragged from the temple and the very shrine of Minerva, vainly raising heavenwards passionate eyes – eyes, because bonds cased her tender hands. Coroebus, raging, cannot bear the sight, and, ready to die, flings himself straight at the column. Following, we all charge into the thick of the fight. Now for the first time we are attacked from the temple roof by our own side’s fire, and take heavy casualties for the look of our arms and our misleading Greek plumes. Then the Greeks, with a roar, and angry that the girl had been retaken, attack us together from all sides, Ajax, fiercest of all, Agamemnon, Menelaus and the whole Greek army, like a storm bursting when the winds, south, north, and the east exulting in his steeds, clash head-on: the sea-god foams and rages with his trident, and stirs the waters to the depths. The Greeks we had scattered with our trickery through the shades of night and hunted through the city appear too: the leaders recognise that our shields and arms are fake, and our speech is wrong. At once we are outnumbered, and Coroebus is the first to fall, at Peneleus’s hands at the warrior-Goddess’s altar; Rhipeus too, greatest of all among the Trojans in justice and upholding the right. But the Gods see it differently, Hypanis and Dymas die too by friendly fire; and, Panthus, neither your great piety nor the garland of Apollo saved you as you fell. Ashes of Ilium and the dying fire of my people! I call you to witness that while you fell I did not try to avoid the casts or thrusts of the Greeks, and if my fate had been to die, the way I fought deserved it! But we are torn away, and, with Iphitus, now slowed by age, and Pelias, hampered by a wound from Ulysses, I am drawn by shouting straight to Priam’s seat. Here is a truly colossal engagement, to which others were barely battle at all, as though no-one was dying elsewhere in the city. We see war in the balance, Greeks storming the palace, the doors beset by soldiers roofed by shields; ladders cling to the walls. At the gates themselves, Greeks struggle up step by step; protecting themselves with their left arms, they use their shields to block missiles, and hold the rungs with their right. On the other side, Trojans are hewing down the towers and all the tops of the buildings, and preparing, as they see the end near, to use them as ammunition for defence: down they hurl the gilded beams and lofty emblems of their forefathers; some defend the lowest entrances, swords drawn, and hold the other doors in a dense phalanx. Our spirits are raised to relieve the palace, buoy the defenders with our support and give new strength to the conquered.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. The natural history of bees
  2. The boxers
  3. The death of Pallas
  4. Signs of bad weather
  5. New allies for Aeneas
  6. The Trojans reach Carthage
  7. Aristaeus’s bees
  8. Charon, the ferryman
  9. Venus speaks
  10. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  11. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  12. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  13. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  14. Helen in the darkness
  15. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  16. Aeneas and Dido meet
  17. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  18. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  19. Dido’s story
  20. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  21. What is this wooden horse?
  22. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  23. Turnus at bay
  24. Rites for the allies’ dead
  25. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  26. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  27. Juno is reconciled
  28. Juno’s anger
  29. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  30. Catastrophe for Rome?
  31. Rumour
  32. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  33. Vulcan’s forge
  34. In King Latinus’s hall
  35. Into battle
  36. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  37. Dido’s release
  38. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  39. Jupiter’s prophecy
  40. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  41. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  42. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  43. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  44. The farmer’s happy lot
  45. The death of Priam
  46. The Syrian hostess
  47. The infant Camilla
  48. Aeneas joins the fray
  49. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  50. The battle for Priam’s palace
  51. Aeneas is wounded
  52. The death of Priam
  53. Mourning for Pallas
  54. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  55. Laocoon and the snakes
  56. Turnus is lured away from battle
  57. Storm at sea!
  58. The farmer’s starry calendar
  59. The Trojan horse opens
  60. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  61. Love is the same for all
  62. Virgil begins the Georgics
  63. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  64. The journey to Hades begins
  65. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  66. The portals of sleep
  67. Dido falls in love
  68. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  69. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  70. The Aeneid begins
  71. Aeneas’s oath
  72. The death of Dido
  73. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  74. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  75. Sea-nymphs
  76. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  77. King Mezentius meets his match
  78. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  79. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  80. Turnus the wolf
  81. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  82. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  83. The Harpy’s prophecy
  84. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  85. Juno throws open the gates of war
  86. The Trojan Horse enters the city
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