Aeneid Book 2, lines 401-452

Cassandra is taken

by Virgil

After initial success, things turn against the desperate, last defenders of Troy in Virgil’s Aeneid, as Aeneas’s band tries in vain to free the captive Trojan prophetess Cassandra from her Greek captors. Coroebus, in love with Cassandra, leads the attack to save her.

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Heu nihil invitis fas quemquam fidere divis!
ecce trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo
crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Minervae,
ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra,—
lumina, nam teneras arcebant vincula palmas.
non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus,
et sese medium iniecit periturus in agmen.
consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis.
hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis
nostrorum obruimur, oriturque miserrima caedes
armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum.
tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae virginis ira
undique collecti invadunt, acerrimus Aiax,
et gemini Atridae, Dolopumque exercitus omnis;
adversi rupto ceu quondam turbine venti
confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois
Eurus equis; stridunt silvae, saevitque tridenti
spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo.
olli etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram
fudimus insidiis totaque agitavimus urbe,
apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela
adgnoscunt, atque ora sono discordia signant.
ilicet obruimur numero; primusque Coroebus
Penelei dextra divae armipotentis ad aram
procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus
qui fuit in Teucris et servantissimus aequi:
dis aliter visum; pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque
confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu,
labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit.
Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum,
testor, in occasu vestro nec tela nec ullas
vitavisse vices Danaum, et, si fata fuissent
ut caderem, meruisse manu. Divellimur inde,
Iphitus et Pelias mecum, quorum Iphitus aevo
iam gravior, Pelias et volnere tardus Ulixi;
protinus ad sedes Priami clamore vocati.
hic vero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam
bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe.
sic Martem indomitum, Danaosque ad tecta ruentis
cernimus, obsessumque acta testudine limen.
haerent parietibus scalae, postisque sub ipsos
nituntur gradibus, clipeosque ad tela sinistris
protecti obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris.
Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum
culmina convellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt,
extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis;
auratasque trabes, veterum decora alta parentum,
devolvunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas
obsedere fores; has servant agmine denso.
Instaurati animi, regis succurrere tectis,
auxilioque levare viros, vimque addere victis.

Alas, no-one may put faith in unwilling gods! There comes Priam’s daughter Cassandra, hair down, dragged from the temple and the very shrine of Minerva, vainly raising heavenwards passionate eyes – eyes, because bonds cased her tender hands. Coroebus, raging, cannot bear the sight, and, ready to die, flings himself straight at the column. Following, we all charge into the thick of the fight. Now for the first time we are attacked from the temple roof by our own side’s fire, and take heavy casualties for the look of our arms and our misleading Greek plumes. Then the Greeks, with a roar, and angry that the girl had been retaken, attack us together from all sides, Ajax, fiercest of all, Agamemnon, Menelaus and the whole Greek army, like a storm bursting when the winds, south, north, and the east exulting in his steeds, clash head-on: the sea-god foams and rages with his trident, and stirs the waters to the depths. The Greeks we had scattered with our trickery through the shades of night and hunted through the city appear too: the leaders recognise that our shields and arms are fake, and our speech is wrong. At once we are outnumbered, and Coroebus is the first to fall, at Peneleus’s hands at the warrior-Goddess’s altar; Rhipeus too, greatest of all among the Trojans in justice and upholding the right. But the Gods see it differently, Hypanis and Dymas die too by friendly fire; and, Panthus, neither your great piety nor the garland of Apollo saved you as you fell. Ashes of Ilium and the dying fire of my people! I call you to witness that while you fell I did not try to avoid the casts or thrusts of the Greeks, and if my fate had been to die, the way I fought deserved it! But we are torn away, and, with Iphitus, now slowed by age, and Pelias, hampered by a wound from Ulysses, I am drawn by shouting straight to Priam’s seat. Here is a truly colossal engagement, to which others were barely battle at all, as though no-one was dying elsewhere in the city. We see war in the balance, Greeks storming the palace, the doors beset by soldiers roofed by shields; ladders cling to the walls. At the gates themselves, Greeks struggle up step by step; protecting themselves with their left arms, they use their shields to block missiles, and hold the rungs with their right. On the other side, Trojans are hewing down the towers and all the tops of the buildings, and preparing, as they see the end near, to use them as ammunition for defence: down they hurl the gilded beams and lofty emblems of their forefathers; some defend the lowest entrances, swords drawn, and hold the other doors in a dense phalanx. Our spirits are raised to relieve the palace, buoy the defenders with our support and give new strength to the conquered.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. The infant Camilla
  2. Aeneas joins the fray
  3. Helen in the darkness
  4. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  5. Aeneas is wounded
  6. What is this wooden horse?
  7. Venus speaks
  8. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  9. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  10. Rites for the allies’ dead
  11. The portals of sleep
  12. Storm at sea!
  13. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  14. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  15. Dido’s release
  16. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  17. Dido’s story
  18. Turnus at bay
  19. Juno’s anger
  20. Turnus the wolf
  21. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  22. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  23. Dido falls in love
  24. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  25. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  26. The Trojans reach Carthage
  27. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  28. Aeneas and Dido meet
  29. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  30. Jupiter’s prophecy
  31. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  32. The boxers
  33. Catastrophe for Rome?
  34. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  35. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  36. The death of Priam
  37. Sea-nymphs
  38. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  39. Love is the same for all
  40. Juno throws open the gates of war
  41. Signs of bad weather
  42. The Trojan horse opens
  43. Charon, the ferryman
  44. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  45. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  46. The farmer’s happy lot
  47. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  48. The death of Dido
  49. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  50. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  51. The Aeneid begins
  52. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  53. The natural history of bees
  54. Aristaeus’s bees
  55. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  56. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  57. Virgil begins the Georgics
  58. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  59. Mourning for Pallas
  60. Aeneas’s oath
  61. The farmer’s starry calendar
  62. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  63. New allies for Aeneas
  64. The battle for Priam’s palace
  65. The death of Pallas
  66. The journey to Hades begins
  67. Vulcan’s forge
  68. Turnus is lured away from battle
  69. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  70. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  71. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  72. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  73. Laocoon and the snakes
  74. The death of Priam
  75. Rumour
  76. The Harpy’s prophecy
  77. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  78. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  79. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  80. King Mezentius meets his match
  81. The Syrian hostess
  82. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  83. In King Latinus’s hall
  84. Juno is reconciled
  85. Into battle
  86. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
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