Aeneid book 2, lines 145-198

What is this wooden horse?

by Virgil

After Dido’s banquet, Aeneas has begun to tell of the fall of Troy. One day, the citizens of Troy find the Greeks and their ships gone, and a vast wooden horse left behind them. A Greek spy, Sinon, has remained behind to trick the Trojans into bringing the horse into the city. He has been arousing their pity with a lie, claiming that he was earmarked as a human sacrifice, but managed to escape.

Calchas was the principal seer of the Greeks. Fillets are ceremonial headbands worn for religious ritual.

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His lacrimis vitam damus et miserescimus ultro.
ipse viro primus manicas atque arta levari
vincla iubet Priamus dictisque ita fatur amicis:
“quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliviscere Graios
(noster eris) mihique haec edissere vera roganti:
quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere? quis auctor?
quidve petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina belli?”
dixerat. ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasga
sustulit exutas vinclis ad sidera palmas:
“vos, aeterni ignes, et non violabile vestrum
testor numen,” ait, “vos arae ensesque nefandi,
quos fugi, vittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi:
fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resolvere iura,
fas odisse viros atque omnia ferre sub auras,
si qua tegunt, teneor patriae nec legibus ullis.
tu modo promissis maneas servataque serves
Troia fidem, si vera feram, si magna rependam.
omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli
Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. impius ex quo
Tydides sed enim scelerumque inventor Ulixes,
fatale adgressi sacrato avellere templo
Palladium caesis summae custodibus arcis,
corripuere sacram effigiem manibusque cruentis
virgineas ausi divae contingere vittas,
ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri
spes Danaum, fractae vires, aversa deae mens.
nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris.
vix positum castris simulacrum: arsere coruscae
luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus
sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu)
emicuit parmamque ferens hastamque trementem.
extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas,
nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis
omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant
quod pelago et curvis secum auexere carinis.
et nunc quod patrias vento petiere Mycenas,
arma deosque parant comites pelagoque remenso
improvisi aderunt; ita digerit omina Calchas.
hanc pro Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso
effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret.
hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem
roboribus textis caeloque educere iussit,
ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset,
neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri.
nam si vestra manus violasset dona Minervae,
tum magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum
convertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum;
sin manibus vestris vestram ascendisset in urbem,
ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello
venturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes.”
Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis
credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis
quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles,
non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae.

“In response to these tears, we spared him, and even pitied him. Priam first spoke friendly words to order his shackles and bonds removed, saying: ‘Whoever you are, now forget your lost Greeks; you will be one of us. Now tell me truly, what did they set up this huge image of an enormous horse for? Who made it? What were they trying to do? A religious purpose, or is it a weapon of war?’ Sinon, versed in Greek tricks and subtlety, Stretched his hands, freed from their bonds, to the heavens, saying: ‘You eternal stars, with your inviolable majesty, I call you to witness, and you, the altars and the blades with which the crime was to be done, and you fillets of the Gods, which I wore as the victim, that it is lawful to break the sacred oaths of the Greeks, to hate them, and disclose what they conceal; nor am I bound by any laws of my homeland. Only keep your promises and keep faith with your preserver, if I give a great gift in return by disclosing the truth. The Greeks’ hopes, and confidence in starting the war, always depended on help from Athena. But from that day when Ajax, and Ulysses the inventor of crimes, coming to tear the sacred Palladium from the holy temple and having killed the sentries at the top of the citadel, seized the sacred image and dared to contaminate the virgin fillets of the Goddess with bloody hands, the hopes of the Greeks ran out, fell back and were reversed. Their strength was broken, the mind of the Goddess was turned away, and she made that plain by unambiguous signs. The image was scarcely in the camp, when dazzling flames burned from its upturned eyes, salt sweat flowed over its limbs and, a wonder! Three times it flashed up from the ground, bearing its shield and brandished spear! Right away, Calchas prophesied that we must flee by sea, and that Troy could not fall to Greek arms unless they sought fresh omens from Argos and brought back the holy idol which they had borne with them over the sea in their curved ships. Now that they have sailed for their ancestral Mycenae,  they are re-arming and seeking new divine favour, and will return over the sea when you do not expect. Thus Calchas set out the omens, and at his warning they set up this effigy in place of the Palladium and to expiate their grave sacrilege and the insult to the Goddess’s divinity. Calchas told them to make this bulk of jointed timbers huge, and rear it sky-high so that it could not fit your gates or be brought into the city, giving holy protection to the people as of old. For if Trojan hands should desecrate Minerva’s gift, it would bring great disaster to the realm of Priam and the Phrygians – may the gods turn the prophecy on their own heads! But should it mount into your city, brought by your own hands, Troy would come beyond Asia to the Greeks’ walls with a mighty war, and that would be the fate awaiting their descendants.’ Through such trickery, and the arts of perjured Sinon, it was believed, and men were snared whom neither Ajax, nor Achilles, nor ten years, nor a thousand ships, had overcome.”

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  2. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  3. Signs of bad weather
  4. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  5. The boxers
  6. Juno’s anger
  7. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  8. King Mezentius meets his match
  9. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  10. Aeneas joins the fray
  11. Storm at sea!
  12. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  13. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  14. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  15. The farmer’s happy lot
  16. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  17. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  18. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  19. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  20. Mourning for Pallas
  21. The infant Camilla
  22. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  23. Vulcan’s forge
  24. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  25. New allies for Aeneas
  26. Love is the same for all
  27. The death of Pallas
  28. Jupiter’s prophecy
  29. Charon, the ferryman
  30. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  31. Venus speaks
  32. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  33. Aeneas is wounded
  34. Juno is reconciled
  35. The death of Dido
  36. Laocoon and the snakes
  37. The Trojan horse opens
  38. Aeneas and Dido meet
  39. Aristaeus’s bees
  40. Rumour
  41. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  42. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  43. The Harpy’s prophecy
  44. The farmer’s starry calendar
  45. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  46. The portals of sleep
  47. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  48. Turnus is lured away from battle
  49. The Syrian hostess
  50. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  51. Dido’s release
  52. Sea-nymphs
  53. Dido’s story
  54. The battle for Priam’s palace
  55. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  56. Turnus the wolf
  57. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  58. Into battle
  59. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  60. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  61. The death of Priam
  62. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  63. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  64. Cassandra is taken
  65. Turnus at bay
  66. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  67. The death of Priam
  68. Virgil begins the Georgics
  69. Juno throws open the gates of war
  70. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  71. The Aeneid begins
  72. Rites for the allies’ dead
  73. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  74. Aeneas’s oath
  75. In King Latinus’s hall
  76. The natural history of bees
  77. The journey to Hades begins
  78. Catastrophe for Rome?
  79. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  80. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  81. Helen in the darkness
  82. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  83. The Trojans reach Carthage
  84. Dido falls in love
  85. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  86. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
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