Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas joins the fray
  2. The death of Priam
  3. Dido’s story
  4. Helen in the darkness
  5. What is this wooden horse?
  6. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  7. The death of Dido
  8. King Mezentius meets his match
  9. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  10. The battle for Priam’s palace
  11. Rites for the allies’ dead
  12. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  13. Turnus at bay
  14. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  15. Vulcan’s forge
  16. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  17. Juno throws open the gates of war
  18. Laocoon and the snakes
  19. Turnus is lured away from battle
  20. Venus speaks
  21. The natural history of bees
  22. Aeneas’s oath
  23. Aeneas is wounded
  24. The portals of sleep
  25. Virgil begins the Georgics
  26. Aeneas and Dido meet
  27. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  28. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  29. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  30. The death of Pallas
  31. Signs of bad weather
  32. Cassandra is taken
  33. The Trojans reach Carthage
  34. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  35. Sea-nymphs
  36. Storm at sea!
  37. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  38. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  39. Catastrophe for Rome?
  40. Turnus the wolf
  41. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  42. Juno is reconciled
  43. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  44. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  45. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  46. The journey to Hades begins
  47. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  48. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  49. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  50. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  51. Charon, the ferryman
  52. The Trojan horse opens
  53. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  54. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  55. Dido falls in love
  56. The Aeneid begins
  57. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  58. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  59. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  60. Juno’s anger
  61. In King Latinus’s hall
  62. Love is the same for all
  63. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  64. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  65. The Syrian hostess
  66. The death of Priam
  67. New allies for Aeneas
  68. Jupiter’s prophecy
  69. The Harpy’s prophecy
  70. The boxers
  71. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  72. Into battle
  73. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  74. The farmer’s happy lot
  75. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  76. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  77. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  78. Mourning for Pallas
  79. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  80. The infant Camilla
  81. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  82. Aristaeus’s bees
  83. Rumour
  84. Dido’s release
  85. The farmer’s starry calendar
  86. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
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