Aeneid Book 4, lines 238 - 258

Mercury’s journey to Carthage

by Virgil

Here is Mercury on his way to Carthage with a stern message for Aeneas from the Gods. Virgil combines a description of Mercury which is quite closely based on Homer with ideas of his own personifying Mount Atlas as a huge, craggy old man.

Mercury’s function as a psychopomp – a guide of the the souls of the dead – features in Homer’s Odyssey, where he brings the souls of Penelope’s suitors to the underworld when Odysseus has killed them. “Opening eyes in death” is a reference to the Roman custom of opening the eyes of the dead on the funeral pyre.

Mercury’s mother, Maia, was the daughter of Atlas. Mercury is called “the Cyllenian” after Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, where, according to tradition, he was born.

See the illustrated blog post here.

To follow the story of Aeneas in sequence, use this link to the full Pantheon Poets selection of extracts from the Aeneid. See the next episode here.

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Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat
imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit
aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra
seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant.
tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco
pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,
dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat
nubila. iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit
Atlantis duri caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris
piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis
constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas
misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum
piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat
litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat
materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.

The Great Father had spoken. Mercury prepared
to obey his order, and first laced the golden
sandals on his feet which bear him aloft on
their wings as fast as the wind over sea and land.
Next he took his wand, with which he summons
pale ghosts from Orcus, sends others under sad
Tartarus, gives and takes sleep and opens eyes
in death. With it he drives the winds and swims
over the wild clouds. In flight he sees the peak
and steep sides of rough Atlas, whose crown supports
the heavens, Atlas whose pine-clad head is forever
girt with black clouds and lashed by gale and storm,
snowfall clothes his shoulders, torrents crash down
from the ancient’s chin, his bristling beard is stiff
with ice. Here the Cyllenian, hovering on both wings,
first paused, then stooped headlong close to the waves in
the shape of a bird which flies low, skimming the surface,
around the shore and the fishes’ rocky home.
Just so Cyllene’s child cut the winds as he came,
flying between earth and sky to Libya’s sandy shore
from his maternal grandsire.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Jupiter’s prophecy
  2. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  3. The Trojan horse opens
  4. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  5. Juno is reconciled
  6. Aeneas joins the fray
  7. Aristaeus’s bees
  8. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  9. New allies for Aeneas
  10. Helen in the darkness
  11. Charon, the ferryman
  12. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  13. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  14. King Mezentius meets his match
  15. The farmer’s starry calendar
  16. Vulcan’s forge
  17. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  18. The farmer’s happy lot
  19. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  20. Venus speaks
  21. The boxers
  22. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  23. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  24. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  25. The death of Priam
  26. Sea-nymphs
  27. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  28. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  29. Juno’s anger
  30. Love is the same for all
  31. Aeneas is wounded
  32. Turnus at bay
  33. Signs of bad weather
  34. Rumour
  35. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  36. In King Latinus’s hall
  37. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  38. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  39. Dido falls in love
  40. The Aeneid begins
  41. Catastrophe for Rome?
  42. Aeneas and Dido meet
  43. Cassandra is taken
  44. The infant Camilla
  45. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  46. The death of Pallas
  47. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  48. The battle for Priam’s palace
  49. Turnus is lured away from battle
  50. Dido’s release
  51. Rites for the allies’ dead
  52. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  53. The death of Priam
  54. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  55. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  56. The Harpy’s prophecy
  57. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  58. The journey to Hades begins
  59. The Syrian hostess
  60. The portals of sleep
  61. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  62. Into battle
  63. Laocoon and the snakes
  64. Turnus the wolf
  65. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  66. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  67. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  68. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  69. The death of Dido
  70. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  71. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  72. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  73. Mourning for Pallas
  74. The natural history of bees
  75. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  76. Virgil begins the Georgics
  77. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  78. Storm at sea!
  79. The Trojans reach Carthage
  80. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  81. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  82. What is this wooden horse?
  83. Aeneas’s oath
  84. Dido’s story
  85. Juno throws open the gates of war
  86. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
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