Ode 4.14

Augustus at the pinnacle

by Horace

In the last-but-one poem in his fourth and final book of odes, Horace concludes his officially commissioned glorification of the new imperial regime and its leading characters with full-on praise of Augustus. It is no-one’s favourite, lacking the human scale, personality and deftness of touch that help to make Horace’s poetry so special; and, in spite of its literary echoes of Pindar and Virgil, there is no dodging the grossness of its sycophancy, though in mitigation no doubt a contemporary audience would have seen in it celebration of the greatness of Rome, as well as of Augustus and his family. Drusus and “Claudius … the elder of the Nerones” (the future Emperor Tiberius) are Augustus’s stepsons, the sons of his wife, Livia, and evidently owe their military successes entirely to Augustus’s troops, counsel and favour with the gods.

Metre: Alcaics.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Reading coming soon.

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Quae cura patrum quaeve Quiritium
plenis honorum muneribus tuas,
Auguste, virtutes in aevum
per titulos memoresque fastos

aeternet, o, qua sol habitabilis
inlustrat oras, maxime principum,
quem legis expertes Latinae
Vindelici didicere nuper

quid Marte posses. milite nam tuo
Drusus Genaunos, inplacidum genus,
Brennosque velocis et arcis
Alpibus inpositas tremendis

deiecit acer plus vice simplici;
maior Neronum mox grave proelium
conmisit immanisque Raetos
auspiciis pepulit secundis,

spectandus in certamine Martio
devota morti pectora liberae
quantis fatigaret ruinis,
indomitas prope qualis undas

exercet Auster Pleiadum choro
scindente nubis, inpiger hostium
vexare turmas et frementem
mittere equum medios per ignis.

sic tauriformis volvitur Aufidus,
qui regna Dauni praefluit Apuli,
cum saevit horrendamque cultis
diluviem meditatur agris,

ut barbarorum Claudius agmina
ferrata vasto diruit impetu
primosque et extremos metendo
stravit humum sine clade victor,

te copias, te consilium et tuos
praebente divos. nam tibi quo die
portus Alexandrea supplex
et vacuam patefecit aulam,

Fortuna lustro prospera tertio
belli secundos reddidit exitus
laudemque et optatum peractis
imperiis decus adrogavit.

te Cantaber non ante domabilis
Medusque et Indus, te profugus Scythes
miratur, o tutela praesens
Italiae dominaeque Romae.

te fontium qui celat origines
Nilusque et Hister, te rapidus Tigris,
te beluosus qui remotis
obstrepit Oceanus Britannis,

te non paventis funera Galliae
duraeque tellus audit Hiberiae,
te caede gaudentes Sygambri
conpositis venerantur armis.

What earnest steps of the Senate and Roman people, and conferral of ample honours, Augustus, can preserve your virtues for ever and ever in inscriptions and the unforgetting public records, o greatest of our leading men wherever the sun shines on peopled lands? Of whom the Vindelici, who had not formerly known the law of Rome, have just learned what you can achieve in war! For, with your own troops, Drusus, fierce in an action that was more than a simple reprisal, has thrown down the Genauni, that savage race, the nimble Brenni and their citadels lodged on the tremendous Alps: then the elder of the Nerones soon gave grim battle and with favourable auspices routed the monstrous Raeti, a sight to see in the arbitrament of Mars, so great was the destruction with which he ground down the hearts of those devoted to the death of freedom, almost like the south wind which rouses the irrepressible waves when the chorus of the Pleiades breaks through the clouds, sternly bent on harrying the enemies’ ranks and driving his foaming mount through the thick of battle. Thus the river Aufidus, which flows past the realm of Apulian Daunus, bull-like, rolls down when he is in a rage and planning a dreadful flood for the tended fields, and so Claudius, striking from all directions, tore apart the ironclad ranks of the barbarians and, mowing down the nearest with the furthest, strewed the ground [with dead] with his own command still entire, a victor with you, [Augustus,] supplying the forces, you the counsel, and you your favour with the Gods. For to you, on the very day when Alexandria in supplication fifteen years before opened to you her gates and her empty palace, auspicious Fortune gave again a favourable outcome to war and, your campaign completed, conferred on you praise and glory which  was all that could be wished for. At you, the Cantabrian, unconquerable before, the Parthian and the Indian and the Scythian, quick in retreat, wonder, o living bond of the safety of Rome, mistress of Italy. You, those rivers that conceal their source, the Nile and Danube; you, the monster-laden Ocean that beats against the distant Britons; you, Gaul, which does not fear to die, and the lands of rugged Spain, hear [and obey]; to you, the Sygambri, who joy in slaughter, arms laid aside, give veneration.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Roman values for the new age
  2. Curse you, tree!
  3. Horace’s Chloe
  4. Europa’s lament
  5. Stormy seas
  6. The fleeting years slip by
  7. The final ode
  8. Horace the peacemaker
  9. Lalage is too young
  10. Here’s to Murena!
  11. Luxury versus the simple life
  12. Carpe diem, Sestius
  13. Horace the swan
  14. A prayer to Mercury
  15. Mourning for a good man
  16. Horace rests from his labours
  17. Horace’s monument
  18. Some advice for Dellius
  19. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  20. A call for a moral renaissance
  21. Horace’s wine
  22. Rome: disaster and salvation
  23. Pyrrha
  24. Love lost and found
  25. Pindar and Augustus
  26. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  27. A Farewell to arms
  28. Augustus returns
  29. A prayer to Faunus
  30. Glycera
  31. A day off for rain
  32. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  33. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  34. A country sacrifice
  35. Horace’s first Ode
  36. Last love
  37. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  38. Valgius and Mystes
  39. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  40. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  41. An invitation to Maecenas
  42. Don’t worry, be happy
  43. New temples, new morals
  44. Be your age, Chloris!
  45. Horace’s limitations
  46. Licymnia
  47. Awe for the Gods
  48. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  49. The country is best
  50. The consolations of wine
  51. A change of mind
  52. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  53. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  54. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  55. The Golden Mean
  56. Iccius goes soldiering
  57. Postumus, the years slip by
  58. Romulus in Heaven
  59. An oath to Maecenas
  60. Locked out
  61. A dedication to Diana
  62. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  63. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  64. A plea for burial
  65. Numida’s back
  66. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  67. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  68. Horace invites – Virgil?
  69. Caesar’s safe return
  70. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  71. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  72. Late stirrings
  73. An invocation to the lyre
  74. Jealousy
  75. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  76. A divine inspiration
  77. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  78. Lyce grows old
  79. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  80. Unrequited love
  81. Diffugere nives
  82. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  83. Lydia’s tragedy
  84. Romulus becomes a God
  85. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  86. Gyges’s constancy
  87. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  88. Housman and Horace
  89. Fortuna
  90. Neobule
  91. Augustus, master of the world
  92. What Roman youth should be
  93. The lust for money versus the simple life
  94. Soracte
  95. A prayer to Venus
  96. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  97. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  98. Relief from care
  99. Don’t trust Barine
  100. Poscimur
  101. A tactful compliment
  102. A garland from the Muses
  103. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  104. O Fons Bandusiae
  105. Give me comfort, not riches

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