Odes 3.11

An invocation to the lyre

by Horace

Often referred to as an ode to Mercury, who is addressed only in the first couplet, this poem is really an invocation to his invention, the lyre. The scene in which the occupants of the underworld are captivated by its music is a stock situation which appears elsewhere in Horace, and in other poets including Virgil and Ovid. Commentators have sometimes found the length of the passage about the daughters of Danaus disproportionate, but such a striking and dramatic scene from myth could well be an end in itself for Horace the virtuoso. The message of the poem as a whole is clearly that Lyde, whom Horace (if he is the speaker of the poem) is pursuing, should take pity on him, just as the one virtuous daughter of Danaus did on her husband. The lyre symbolises the persuasive power of poetry, which Horace hopes will win over the girl he desires.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Sapphics

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Mercuri, nam te docilis magistro
movit Amphion lapides canendo,
tuque testudo resonare septem
callida nervis,

nec loquax olim neque grata, nunc et
divitum mensis et amica templis,
dic modos, Lyde quibus obstinatas
adplicet auris,

quae velut latis equa trima campis
ludit exsultim metuitque tangi
nuptiarum expers et adhuc protervo
cruda marito.

tu potes tigris comitesque silvas
ducere et rivos celeres morari;
cessit immanis tibi blandienti
ianitor aulae

Cerberus, quamvis furiale centum
muniant angues caput eius atque
spiritus taeter saniesque manet
ore trilingui;

quin et Ixion Tityosque voltu
risit invito, stetit urna paulum
sicca, dum grato Danai puellas
carmine mulces.

audiat Lyde scelus atque notas
virginum poenas et inane lymphae
dolium fundo pereuntis imo
seraque fata,

quae manent culpas etiam sub Orco.
inpiae, (nam quid potuere maius?)
inpiae sponsos potuere duro
perdere ferro.

una de multis face nuptiali
digna periurum fuit in parentem
splendide mendax et in omne virgo
nobilis aevum,

“surge” quae dixit iuveni marito,
“surge, ne longus tibi somnus unde
non times detur; socerum et scelestas
falle sorores,

quae velut nactae vitulos leaenae
singulos eheu lacerant: ego illis
mollior nec te feriam neque intra
claustra tenebo.

me pater saevis oneret catenis,
quod viro clemens misero peperci,
me vel extremos Numidarum in agros
classe releget:

i pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae,
dum favet nox et Venus, i secundo
omine et nostri memorem sepulcro
scalpe querelam.”

O Mercury, for with you as his teacher your apt pupil Amphion moved the stones with his song; and you, lyre, so skilled at sounding with your seven strings, once voiceless and unloved but welcome now in temples and at the tables of the rich, play music to which Lyde can turn her stubborn ears, Lyde who is laying like a frisky three-year old filly on the broad plain, shrinking from the touch, knowing nothing of marriage and unready still for a wanton husband. You have power to lead tigers and woodlands as your companions and to hold back swift rivers; the doorkeeper of the vast hall [of Hades], Cerberus, cedes the way to you as you soothe him, though a hundred of the Furies’ serpents arm his head and along with gore a loathsome breath oozes from his three-tongued mouth; why, even Ixion and Tityos can’t help but smile, and the urn stands dry for a little while as you charm the daughters of Danaus with your lovely song. Let Lyde hear of those young women’s crime, the famous penalty they paid and that great jar, empty of the water which flows through it down at the bottom, and the fate which, even if delayed, waits in the end for guilt even in the land of Hades. In their sacrilege – what worse sacrilege could they have done –they were able to bring themselves to kill their husbands with the pitiless steel. Of the many, just one, worthy of the wedding-torch, showed a nobility famous down the ages and played her perjured father magnificently false when she said to her young bridegroom, “get up – get up, or you may be given your long sleep from a quarter that you do not suspect: foil your father-in-law and my wicked sisters, who are like lionesses who have pounced on young calves and are tearing them one by one: less cruel than they are,  I shall not strike you down or keep you confined. Let my father load me with chains because I have shown mercy and spared you, my husband, or let him ship me away to the farthest fields of Numidia: go where your feet and the sea-winds take you, while Venus and the night are in your favour; go with good omens, and in my memory carve my sad story on your tomb.”

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Carpe diem, Sestius
  2. A dedication to Diana
  3. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  4. Diffugere nives
  5. Lydia’s tragedy
  6. Romulus in Heaven
  7. O Fons Bandusiae
  8. Housman and Horace
  9. Unrequited love
  10. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  11. An oath to Maecenas
  12. Horace’s wine
  13. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  14. Be your age, Chloris!
  15. The Golden Mean
  16. A country sacrifice
  17. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  18. An invitation to Maecenas
  19. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  20. Don’t worry, be happy
  21. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  22. A prayer to Faunus
  23. Don’t trust Barine
  24. Soracte
  25. What Roman youth should be
  26. Here’s to Murena!
  27. Pyrrha
  28. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  29. Horace the peacemaker
  30. Locked out
  31. New temples, new morals
  32. A plea for burial
  33. The lust for money versus the simple life
  34. Last love
  35. Horace’s limitations
  36. Licymnia
  37. Awe for the Gods
  38. Fortuna
  39. Roman values for the new age
  40. A divine inspiration
  41. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  42. The fleeting years slip by
  43. Give me comfort, not riches
  44. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  45. A day off for rain
  46. Jealousy
  47. Curse you, tree!
  48. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  49. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  50. Horace rests from his labours
  51. Rome: disaster and salvation
  52. Romulus becomes a God
  53. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  54. Pindar and Augustus
  55. Numida’s back
  56. The country is best
  57. Augustus, master of the world
  58. A Farewell to arms
  59. Glycera
  60. Horace the swan
  61. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  62. Love lost and found
  63. Horace’s first Ode
  64. A change of mind
  65. A call for a moral renaissance
  66. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  67. The final ode
  68. A prayer to Mercury
  69. Poscimur
  70. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  71. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  72. Relief from care
  73. Late stirrings
  74. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  75. Horace’s monument
  76. Neobule
  77. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  78. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  79. Iccius goes soldiering
  80. Caesar’s safe return
  81. Horace’s Chloe
  82. Luxury versus the simple life
  83. Gyges’s constancy
  84. Valgius and Mystes
  85. Lalage is too young
  86. Stormy seas
  87. Postumus, the years slip by
  88. Some advice for Dellius
  89. Mourning for a good man
  90. The consolations of wine
  91. A garland from the Muses
  92. A prayer to Venus
  93. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
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