Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

Metre: (second) Asclepiad, couplets in which a standard twelve-syllable line is preceded by an eight-syllable glyconic.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. A prayer to Faunus
  2. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  3. Caesar’s safe return
  4. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  5. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  6. A prayer to Mercury
  7. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  8. Neobule
  9. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  10. Lydia’s tragedy
  11. Licymnia
  12. Don’t trust Barine
  13. Postumus, the years slip by
  14. Curse you, tree!
  15. Horace the swan
  16. The country is best
  17. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  18. The consolations of wine
  19. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  20. Give me comfort, not riches
  21. What Roman youth should be
  22. The Golden Mean
  23. O Fons Bandusiae
  24. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  25. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  26. A plea for burial
  27. Numida’s back
  28. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  29. Horace’s limitations
  30. A prayer to Venus
  31. A tactful compliment
  32. Fortuna
  33. A change of mind
  34. Iccius goes soldiering
  35. Luxury versus the simple life
  36. Locked out
  37. Relief from care
  38. Pyrrha
  39. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  40. Roman values for the new age
  41. Horace invites – Virgil?
  42. A Farewell to arms
  43. Awe for the Gods
  44. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  45. Augustus, master of the world
  46. Don’t worry, be happy
  47. The final ode
  48. A garland from the Muses
  49. Diffugere nives
  50. Late stirrings
  51. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  52. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  53. Valgius and Mystes
  54. Love lost and found
  55. Lalage is too young
  56. Romulus in Heaven
  57. Here’s to Murena!
  58. Horace rests from his labours
  59. Mourning for a good man
  60. New temples, new morals
  61. Europa’s lament
  62. The fleeting years slip by
  63. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  64. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  65. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  66. Jealousy
  67. Carpe diem, Sestius
  68. Horace’s Chloe
  69. Horace’s first Ode
  70. Unrequited love
  71. A call for a moral renaissance
  72. Last love
  73. Horace the peacemaker
  74. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  75. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  76. Horace’s monument
  77. Horace’s wine
  78. Be your age, Chloris!
  79. An oath to Maecenas
  80. Augustus at the pinnacle
  81. A day off for rain
  82. A divine inspiration
  83. Soracte
  84. Gyges’s constancy
  85. Some advice for Dellius
  86. Augustus returns
  87. Lyce grows old
  88. An invocation to the lyre
  89. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  90. A country sacrifice
  91. A dedication to Diana
  92. Romulus becomes a God
  93. Poscimur
  94. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  95. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  96. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  97. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  98. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  99. Rome: disaster and salvation
  100. An invitation to Maecenas
  101. The lust for money versus the simple life
  102. Housman and Horace
  103. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  104. Pindar and Augustus
  105. Stormy seas
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