Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

Metre: (second) Asclepiad, couplets in which a standard twelve-syllable line is preceded by an eight-syllable glyconic.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  2. The consolations of wine
  3. Jealousy
  4. Lyce grows old
  5. A change of mind
  6. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  7. Augustus, master of the world
  8. Numida’s back
  9. The country is best
  10. Curse you, tree!
  11. Be your age, Chloris!
  12. Horace’s wine
  13. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  14. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  15. A prayer to Venus
  16. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  17. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  18. Caesar’s safe return
  19. Love lost and found
  20. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  21. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  22. Augustus returns
  23. An oath to Maecenas
  24. The final ode
  25. Soracte
  26. Late stirrings
  27. Luxury versus the simple life
  28. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  29. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  30. An invocation to the lyre
  31. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  32. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  33. A prayer to Mercury
  34. Last love
  35. Valgius and Mystes
  36. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  37. What Roman youth should be
  38. Rome: disaster and salvation
  39. Horace rests from his labours
  40. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  41. Some advice for Dellius
  42. Don’t worry, be happy
  43. Locked out
  44. Give me comfort, not riches
  45. A country sacrifice
  46. Gyges’s constancy
  47. Horace the swan
  48. Augustus at the pinnacle
  49. Here’s to Murena!
  50. Stormy seas
  51. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  52. Lalage is too young
  53. Carpe diem, Sestius
  54. Housman and Horace
  55. Don’t trust Barine
  56. A plea for burial
  57. Roman values for the new age
  58. Pyrrha
  59. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  60. Relief from care
  61. The Golden Mean
  62. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  63. Horace the peacemaker
  64. A Farewell to arms
  65. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  66. Licymnia
  67. Lydia’s tragedy
  68. The lust for money versus the simple life
  69. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  70. Romulus becomes a God
  71. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  72. Europa’s lament
  73. A garland from the Muses
  74. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  75. The fleeting years slip by
  76. Horace’s Chloe
  77. Poscimur
  78. New temples, new morals
  79. Horace’s limitations
  80. An invitation to Maecenas
  81. Mourning for a good man
  82. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  83. Postumus, the years slip by
  84. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  85. A divine inspiration
  86. Horace’s first Ode
  87. A prayer to Faunus
  88. A tactful compliment
  89. A dedication to Diana
  90. A call for a moral renaissance
  91. Horace invites – Virgil?
  92. Iccius goes soldiering
  93. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  94. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  95. Neobule
  96. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  97. Diffugere nives
  98. Fortuna
  99. Horace’s monument
  100. Unrequited love
  101. Awe for the Gods
  102. A day off for rain
  103. Pindar and Augustus
  104. O Fons Bandusiae
  105. Romulus in Heaven
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