Odes 3.23

A country sacrifice

by Horace

In this poem we find ourselves in a culture very distant from our own. Phydile, whose name is Greek and implies thrift, is the woman responsible for the regular offerings and ceremonial due to the domestic gods of a modest home and estate in the country, and Horace is the master giving the necessary authority for the rituals. The tenses used at the end show that he is stating a general or proverbial rule there: Phydile, we know, is offering a pig; but even if she did not, her pious observance would be enough without one. The poem seems intended to express the deep affection and respect in which Horace holds the deep traditions and simple piety of the countryside and country people. Grain and salt appear because they were sprinkled on the victim prior to sacrifice, and the salt “jumps” in the fire on the altar.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Alcaics.

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Caelo supinas si tuleris manus
nascente luna, rustica Phidyle,
si ture placaris et horna
fruge Laris avidaque porca:

nec pestilentem sentiet Africum
fecunda vitis nec sterilem seges
robiginem aut dulces alumni
pomifero grave tempus anno.

nam quae nivali pascitur Algido
devota quercus inter et ilices
aut crescit Albanis in herbis
victima, pontificum securis

cervice tinguet: te nihil attinet
temptare multa caede bidentium
parvos coronantem marino
rore deos fragilique myrto.

inmunis aram si tetigit manus,
non sumptuosa blandior hostia,
mollivit aversos Penatis
farre pio et saliente mica.

If when the new moon is born you hold your hands up in prayer, country-dwelling Phydile, and placate the Lares with incense and the first-fruits of the corn and a greedy pig, your fertile vine will not feel the pestilential scirocco, nor your wheat-field feel the sterile mildew, nor your sweet young stock the heavy weather in fruitful autumn-time. For it’s the axes of the priests that blood from the neck of the consecrated sacrificial victim now feeding on snowy Algidus among the oaks and ilexes, or growing on the Alban grassland, will tinge: it is definitely not for you, who crown your little gods with rosemary and fragile myrtle, to tempt them with a great slaughter of sheep. And always, if your hand touches the altar, even without an expensive victim to make it more persuasive, it will placate the Penates, should they be angry, just with the pious gift of grain and jumping salt.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. The consolations of wine
  2. Give me comfort, not riches
  3. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  4. Iccius goes soldiering
  5. A plea for burial
  6. Don’t trust Barine
  7. Don’t worry, be happy
  8. An oath to Maecenas
  9. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  10. Unrequited love
  11. Postumus, the years slip by
  12. Luxury versus the simple life
  13. Soracte
  14. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  15. Last love
  16. Lydia’s tragedy
  17. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  18. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  19. Poscimur
  20. Awe for the Gods
  21. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  22. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  23. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  24. Licymnia
  25. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  26. Caesar’s safe return
  27. Fortuna
  28. A prayer to Faunus
  29. Be your age, Chloris!
  30. Horace the peacemaker
  31. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  32. Curse you, tree!
  33. A divine inspiration
  34. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  35. Stormy seas
  36. Diffugere nives
  37. Lyce grows old
  38. The fleeting years slip by
  39. Glycera
  40. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  41. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  42. Carpe diem, Sestius
  43. An invitation to Maecenas
  44. Pindar and Augustus
  45. What Roman youth should be
  46. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  47. Neobule
  48. Locked out
  49. A tactful compliment
  50. A dedication to Diana
  51. Relief from care
  52. Rome: disaster and salvation
  53. Romulus becomes a God
  54. The Golden Mean
  55. Romulus in Heaven
  56. O Fons Bandusiae
  57. Here’s to Murena!
  58. The final ode
  59. Augustus, master of the world
  60. A Farewell to arms
  61. An invocation to the lyre
  62. Late stirrings
  63. A change of mind
  64. Horace’s limitations
  65. Horace rests from his labours
  66. Valgius and Mystes
  67. Augustus returns
  68. A day off for rain
  69. Gyges’s constancy
  70. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  71. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  72. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  73. The lust for money versus the simple life
  74. New temples, new morals
  75. A prayer to Venus
  76. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  77. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  78. Horace the swan
  79. Jealousy
  80. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  81. Pyrrha
  82. A garland from the Muses
  83. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  84. Horace’s first Ode
  85. Horace’s wine
  86. A prayer to Mercury
  87. Some advice for Dellius
  88. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  89. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  90. Horace’s Chloe
  91. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  92. The country is best
  93. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  94. Europa’s lament
  95. A call for a moral renaissance
  96. Roman values for the new age
  97. Housman and Horace
  98. Numida’s back
  99. Lalage is too young
  100. Horace’s monument
  101. Love lost and found
  102. Mourning for a good man

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