Odes 3.23

A country sacrifice

by Horace

In this poem we find ourselves in a culture very distant from our own. Phydile, whose name is Greek and implies thrift, is the woman responsible for the regular offerings and ceremonial due to the domestic gods of a modest home and estate in the country, and Horace is the master giving the necessary authority for the rituals. The tenses used at the end show that he is stating a general or proverbial rule there: Phydile, we know, is offering a pig; but even if she did not, her pious observance would be enough without one. The poem seems intended to express the deep affection and respect in which Horace holds the deep traditions and simple piety of the countryside and country people. Grain and salt appear because they were sprinkled on the victim prior to sacrifice, and the salt “jumps” in the fire on the altar.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Alcaics.

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Caelo supinas si tuleris manus
nascente luna, rustica Phidyle,
si ture placaris et horna
fruge Laris avidaque porca:

nec pestilentem sentiet Africum
fecunda vitis nec sterilem seges
robiginem aut dulces alumni
pomifero grave tempus anno.

nam quae nivali pascitur Algido
devota quercus inter et ilices
aut crescit Albanis in herbis
victima, pontificum securis

cervice tinguet: te nihil attinet
temptare multa caede bidentium
parvos coronantem marino
rore deos fragilique myrto.

inmunis aram si tetigit manus,
non sumptuosa blandior hostia,
mollivit aversos Penatis
farre pio et saliente mica.

If when the new moon is born you hold your hands up in prayer, country-dwelling Phydile, and placate the Lares with incense and the first-fruits of the corn and a greedy pig, your fertile vine will not feel the pestilential scirocco, nor your wheat-field feel the sterile mildew, nor your sweet young stock the heavy weather in fruitful autumn-time. For it’s the axes of the priests that blood from the neck of the consecrated sacrificial victim now feeding on snowy Algidus among the oaks and ilexes, or growing on the Alban grassland, will tinge: it is definitely not for you, who crown your little gods with rosemary and fragile myrtle, to tempt them with a great slaughter of sheep. And always, if your hand touches the altar, even without an expensive victim to make it more persuasive, it will placate the Penates, should they be angry, just with the pious gift of grain and jumping salt.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. A divine inspiration
  2. Rome: disaster and salvation
  3. Don’t trust Barine
  4. Fortuna
  5. Stormy seas
  6. An oath to Maecenas
  7. A prayer to Mercury
  8. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  9. Lalage is too young
  10. A Farewell to arms
  11. Jealousy
  12. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  13. Glycera
  14. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  15. Horace’s first Ode
  16. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  17. Horace the swan
  18. Pindar and Augustus
  19. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  20. An invocation to the lyre
  21. A prayer to Venus
  22. Numida’s back
  23. The Golden Mean
  24. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  25. Iccius goes soldiering
  26. Pyrrha
  27. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  28. Locked out
  29. Mourning for a good man
  30. Neobule
  31. Here’s to Murena!
  32. Diffugere nives
  33. Horace the peacemaker
  34. Augustus, master of the world
  35. Horace rests from his labours
  36. Last love
  37. Housman and Horace
  38. Valgius and Mystes
  39. Caesar’s safe return
  40. Horace’s Chloe
  41. Roman values for the new age
  42. The lust for money versus the simple life
  43. Romulus in Heaven
  44. A day off for rain
  45. An invitation to Maecenas
  46. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  47. The fleeting years slip by
  48. Poscimur
  49. Romulus becomes a God
  50. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  51. A change of mind
  52. Give me comfort, not riches
  53. Be your age, Chloris!
  54. Late stirrings
  55. Licymnia
  56. A garland from the Muses
  57. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  58. Horace’s monument
  59. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  60. Love lost and found
  61. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  62. Relief from care
  63. New temples, new morals
  64. Horace’s wine
  65. Gyges’s constancy
  66. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  67. Horace’s limitations
  68. Carpe diem, Sestius
  69. Unrequited love
  70. What Roman youth should be
  71. The final ode
  72. Don’t worry, be happy
  73. Postumus, the years slip by
  74. O Fons Bandusiae
  75. Soracte
  76. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  77. Luxury versus the simple life
  78. Curse you, tree!
  79. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  80. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  81. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  82. The country is best
  83. The consolations of wine
  84. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  85. Lydia’s tragedy
  86. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  87. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  88. Some advice for Dellius
  89. A prayer to Faunus
  90. Awe for the Gods
  91. A plea for burial
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