Odes 3.23

A country sacrifice

by Horace

In this poem we find ourselves in a culture very distant from our own. Phydile, whose name is Greek and implies thrift, is the woman responsible for the regular offerings and ceremonial due to the domestic gods of a modest home and estate in the country, and Horace is the master giving the necessary authority for the rituals. The tenses used at the end show that he is stating a general or proverbial rule there: Phydile, we know, is offering a pig; but even if she did not, her pious observance would be enough without one. The poem seems intended to express the deep affection and respect in which Horace holds the deep traditions and simple piety of the countryside and country people. Grain and salt appear because they were sprinkled on the victim prior to sacrifice, and the salt “jumps” in the fire on the altar.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Alcaics.

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Caelo supinas si tuleris manus
nascente luna, rustica Phidyle,
si ture placaris et horna
fruge Laris avidaque porca:

nec pestilentem sentiet Africum
fecunda vitis nec sterilem seges
robiginem aut dulces alumni
pomifero grave tempus anno.

nam quae nivali pascitur Algido
devota quercus inter et ilices
aut crescit Albanis in herbis
victima, pontificum securis

cervice tinguet: te nihil attinet
temptare multa caede bidentium
parvos coronantem marino
rore deos fragilique myrto.

inmunis aram si tetigit manus,
non sumptuosa blandior hostia,
mollivit aversos Penatis
farre pio et saliente mica.

If when the new moon is born you hold your hands up in prayer, country-dwelling Phydile, and placate the Lares with incense and the first-fruits of the corn and a greedy pig, your fertile vine will not feel the pestilential scirocco, nor your wheat-field feel the sterile mildew, nor your sweet young stock the heavy weather in fruitful autumn-time. For it’s the axes of the priests that blood from the neck of the consecrated sacrificial victim now feeding on snowy Algidus among the oaks and ilexes, or growing on the Alban grassland, will tinge: it is definitely not for you, who crown your little gods with rosemary and fragile myrtle, to tempt them with a great slaughter of sheep. And always, if your hand touches the altar, even without an expensive victim to make it more persuasive, it will placate the Penates, should they be angry, just with the pious gift of grain and jumping salt.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. A garland from the Muses
  2. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  3. Lalage is too young
  4. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  5. An oath to Maecenas
  6. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  7. Roman values for the new age
  8. Romulus becomes a God
  9. Horace the peacemaker
  10. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  11. Diffugere nives
  12. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  13. A change of mind
  14. Postumus, the years slip by
  15. Mourning for a good man
  16. Late stirrings
  17. Stormy seas
  18. Pyrrha
  19. Don’t worry, be happy
  20. A prayer to Faunus
  21. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  22. Carpe diem, Sestius
  23. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  24. A prayer to Venus
  25. Fortuna
  26. The final ode
  27. Horace the swan
  28. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  29. Curse you, tree!
  30. Neobule
  31. Awe for the Gods
  32. Soracte
  33. Be your age, Chloris!
  34. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  35. O Fons Bandusiae
  36. Love lost and found
  37. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  38. A day off for rain
  39. Don’t trust Barine
  40. Rome: disaster and salvation
  41. Unrequited love
  42. Glycera
  43. Pindar and Augustus
  44. Poscimur
  45. Valgius and Mystes
  46. The country is best
  47. The Golden Mean
  48. Numida’s back
  49. The fleeting years slip by
  50. Augustus, master of the world
  51. A dedication to Diana
  52. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  53. New temples, new morals
  54. Horace’s first Ode
  55. Lydia’s tragedy
  56. Horace’s limitations
  57. Gyges’s constancy
  58. A Farewell to arms
  59. Housman and Horace
  60. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  61. An invocation to the lyre
  62. Horace rests from his labours
  63. The lust for money versus the simple life
  64. Relief from care
  65. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  66. Romulus in Heaven
  67. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  68. Licymnia
  69. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  70. A plea for burial
  71. Give me comfort, not riches
  72. Jealousy
  73. The consolations of wine
  74. A prayer to Mercury
  75. Luxury versus the simple life
  76. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  77. A divine inspiration
  78. Horace’s wine
  79. Iccius goes soldiering
  80. Horace’s monument
  81. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  82. What Roman youth should be
  83. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  84. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  85. An invitation to Maecenas
  86. Caesar’s safe return
  87. A call for a moral renaissance
  88. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  89. Last love
  90. Horace’s Chloe
  91. Locked out
  92. Some advice for Dellius
  93. Here’s to Murena!
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