Aeneid Book 12, lines 161 - 194

Aeneas’s oath

by Virgil

The Goddess Juno, Turnus’s patron and Aeneas’s enemy, has gone to great lengths to avoid a duel between the two to decide the outcome of the conflict between the Trojans and the Latins. Now, however, as the fortunes of war have turned against the Latins, it looks as though it is finally going to happen. At the duelling ground, Aeneas and King Latinus swear to abide by the outcome. Aeneas goes further, and swears that, if he wins, he will not treat the Italians as a conquered people, but will live harmoniously with them in a spirit of justice and equity. As we will see, the actions of others could be seen as freeing him from his oath, but Virgil’s Roman audience would know – or believe – that this was the course that history had indeed taken. In describing how the human conflicts and aspirations that give the Aeneid its theme will be resolved, this is an important part of the poem’s ending.

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Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus
quadriiugo vehitur curru (cui tempora circum
aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt,
Solis avi specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis,
bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.
hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,
sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis
et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,
procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos
saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem
attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.
illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem
dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro
summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant.
Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur:
‘esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti,
quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,
et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx
(iam melior, iam, diva, precor), tuque inclute Mavors,
cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques;
fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti
religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto:
cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,
convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,
cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles
Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent.
sin nostrum adnuerit nobis victoria Martem
(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),
non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo
nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae
invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.
sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto,
imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri
constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.’

The Kings come, Latinus borne in great state
in his four-horse car, shining temples girt with
twelve golden rays, token of his ancestor,
the Sun, Turnus with his white team, hand
gripping twin, broad-bladed spears. Father
Aeneas, fount of the Roman race, shining
with starry shield and heavenly arms,
by him Ascanius, other great hope of Rome,
come from the camp, the priest in spotless robes
brings the offspring of bristly pigs and an unshorn
sheep and takes the beasts to the blazing altars.
Gaze turned to the rising sun, they pour from their
hands the salted grain and mark the top of the beasts’
brows with the knife, pour libations on the altars from
the cups. Then, sword drawn, pious Aeneas prays:
“Let the Sun, and this land for which I was able
to bear such great troubles stand witness as I call,
and the almighty Father, and you, divine consort,
hence a kinder deity, I pray, and you, glorious Mars,
Father who hold all wars fast under your sway,
and I call on springs, rivers and whatever powers are
in the lofty sky and gods in the blue ocean:
should victory chance to fall to Ausonian Turnus,
it is agreed that the vanquished shall withdraw to
Evander’s city, Iulus leave these lands, nor will my
people take up rebellious arms or harm this realm
with steel. If victory grants our arms the cause,
as rather I believe, and may the authority of the Gods
confirm, I will not command Italians to obey the Trojans,
nor seek dominion myself: both peoples, undefeated,
shall combine under equal laws in an eternal compact.
I’ll give my gods and holy relics: as my father-in-law,
Let Latinus keep solemn authority and sway our arms:
the Trojans shall build my town, Lavinia give her name.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  2. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  3. Dido’s story
  4. The death of Priam
  5. The infant Camilla
  6. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  7. Turnus is lured away from battle
  8. The death of Dido
  9. The Trojans reach Carthage
  10. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  11. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  12. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  13. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  14. Catastrophe for Rome?
  15. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  16. Rumour
  17. Helen in the darkness
  18. Jupiter’s prophecy
  19. The death of Priam
  20. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  21. Venus speaks
  22. Dido’s release
  23. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  24. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  25. Aeneas joins the fray
  26. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  27. The Harpy’s prophecy
  28. The Syrian hostess
  29. Mourning for Pallas
  30. Aeneas and Dido meet
  31. Juno’s anger
  32. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  33. The death of Pallas
  34. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  35. What is this wooden horse?
  36. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  37. The farmer’s happy lot
  38. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  39. Juno is reconciled
  40. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  41. Turnus the wolf
  42. Cassandra is taken
  43. Into battle
  44. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  45. Dido falls in love
  46. Sea-nymphs
  47. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  48. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  49. The boxers
  50. The Aeneid begins
  51. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  52. Laocoon and the snakes
  53. Aeneas is wounded
  54. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  55. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  56. Vulcan’s forge
  57. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  58. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  59. The journey to Hades begins
  60. Love is the same for all
  61. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  62. In King Latinus’s hall
  63. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  64. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  65. The portals of sleep
  66. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  67. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  68. Signs of bad weather
  69. The natural history of bees
  70. The Trojan horse opens
  71. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  72. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  73. King Mezentius meets his match
  74. Turnus at bay
  75. Storm at sea!
  76. Charon, the ferryman
  77. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  78. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  79. New allies for Aeneas
  80. The battle for Priam’s palace
  81. The farmer’s starry calendar
  82. Aristaeus’s bees
  83. Virgil begins the Georgics
  84. Juno throws open the gates of war
  85. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  86. Rites for the allies’ dead
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