Aeneid Book 12, lines 161 - 194

Aeneas’s oath

by Virgil

The Goddess Juno, Turnus’s patron and Aeneas’s enemy, has gone to great lengths to avoid a duel between the two to decide the outcome of the conflict between the Trojans and the Latins. Now, however, as the fortunes of war have turned against the Latins, it looks as though it is finally going to happen. At the duelling ground, Aeneas and King Latinus swear to abide by the outcome. Aeneas goes further, and swears that, if he wins, he will not treat the Italians as a conquered people, but will live harmoniously with them in a spirit of justice and equity. As we will see, the actions of others could be seen as freeing him from his oath, but Virgil’s Roman audience would know – or believe – that this was the course that history had indeed taken. In describing how the human conflicts and aspirations that give the Aeneid its theme will be resolved, this is an important part of the poem’s ending.

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Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus
quadriiugo vehitur curru (cui tempora circum
aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt,
Solis avi specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis,
bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.
hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,
sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis
et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,
procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos
saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem
attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.
illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem
dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro
summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant.
Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur:
‘esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti,
quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,
et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx
(iam melior, iam, diva, precor), tuque inclute Mavors,
cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques;
fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti
religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto:
cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,
convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,
cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles
Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent.
sin nostrum adnuerit nobis victoria Martem
(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),
non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo
nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae
invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.
sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto,
imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri
constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.’

The Kings come, Latinus borne in great state
in his four-horse car, shining temples girt with
twelve golden rays, token of his ancestor,
the Sun, Turnus with his white team, hand
gripping twin, broad-bladed spears. Father
Aeneas, fount of the Roman race, shining
with starry shield and heavenly arms,
by him Ascanius, other great hope of Rome,
come from the camp, the priest in spotless robes
brings the offspring of bristly pigs and an unshorn
sheep and takes the beasts to the blazing altars.
Gaze turned to the rising sun, they pour from their
hands the salted grain and mark the top of the beasts’
brows with the knife, pour libations on the altars from
the cups. Then, sword drawn, pious Aeneas prays:
“Let the Sun, and this land for which I was able
to bear such great troubles stand witness as I call,
and the almighty Father, and you, divine consort,
hence a kinder deity, I pray, and you, glorious Mars,
Father who hold all wars fast under your sway,
and I call on springs, rivers and whatever powers are
in the lofty sky and gods in the blue ocean:
should victory chance to fall to Ausonian Turnus,
it is agreed that the vanquished shall withdraw to
Evander’s city, Iulus leave these lands, nor will my
people take up rebellious arms or harm this realm
with steel. If victory grants our arms the cause,
as rather I believe, and may the authority of the Gods
confirm, I will not command Italians to obey the Trojans,
nor seek dominion myself: both peoples, undefeated,
shall combine under equal laws in an eternal compact.
I’ll give my gods and holy relics: as my father-in-law,
Let Latinus keep solemn authority and sway our arms:
the Trojans shall build my town, Lavinia give her name.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  2. The Aeneid begins
  3. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  4. The Trojan horse opens
  5. King Mezentius meets his match
  6. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  7. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  8. Love is the same for all
  9. Turnus is lured away from battle
  10. Juno’s anger
  11. Charon, the ferryman
  12. Dido’s release
  13. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  14. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  15. The infant Camilla
  16. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  17. Aeneas and Dido meet
  18. The boxers
  19. The death of Pallas
  20. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  21. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  22. Catastrophe for Rome?
  23. Storm at sea!
  24. The farmer’s happy lot
  25. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  26. The battle for Priam’s palace
  27. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  28. What is this wooden horse?
  29. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  30. Cassandra is taken
  31. Juno is reconciled
  32. The death of Priam
  33. The journey to Hades begins
  34. Venus speaks
  35. Jupiter’s prophecy
  36. The Syrian hostess
  37. New allies for Aeneas
  38. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  39. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  40. The death of Priam
  41. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  42. Into battle
  43. Turnus the wolf
  44. Juno throws open the gates of war
  45. Dido’s story
  46. The Trojans reach Carthage
  47. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  48. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  49. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  50. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  51. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  52. Aeneas joins the fray
  53. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  54. Rites for the allies’ dead
  55. The Harpy’s prophecy
  56. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  57. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  58. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  59. Laocoon and the snakes
  60. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  61. Turnus at bay
  62. Rumour
  63. Virgil begins the Georgics
  64. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  65. The death of Dido
  66. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  67. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  68. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  69. Vulcan’s forge
  70. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  71. The portals of sleep
  72. The farmer’s starry calendar
  73. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  74. The natural history of bees
  75. Helen in the darkness
  76. In King Latinus’s hall
  77. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  78. Dido falls in love
  79. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  80. Sea-nymphs
  81. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  82. Aristaeus’s bees
  83. Signs of bad weather
  84. Aeneas is wounded
  85. Mourning for Pallas
  86. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
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