Aeneid Book 12, lines 161 - 194

Aeneas’s oath

by Virgil

The Goddess Juno, Turnus’s patron and Aeneas’s enemy, has gone to great lengths to avoid a duel between the two to decide the outcome of the conflict between the Trojans and the Latins. Now, however, as the fortunes of war have turned against the Latins, it looks as though it is finally going to happen. At the duelling ground, Aeneas and King Latinus swear to abide by the outcome. Aeneas goes further, and swears that, if he wins, he will not treat the Italians as a conquered people, but will live harmoniously with them in a spirit of justice and equity. As we will see, the actions of others could be seen as freeing him from his oath, but Virgil’s Roman audience would know – or believe – that this was the course that history had indeed taken. In describing how the human conflicts and aspirations that give the Aeneid its theme will be resolved, this is an important part of the poem’s ending.

See the illustrated blog post here.

To follow the story of Aeneas in sequence, use this link to the full Pantheon Poets selection of extracts from the Aeneid; see the next episode here.

To listen, press play:

To scroll the original and English translation of the poem at the same time - tap inside one box to select it and then scroll.

Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus
quadriiugo vehitur curru (cui tempora circum
aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt,
Solis avi specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis,
bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.
hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,
sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis
et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae,
procedunt castris, puraque in veste sacerdos
saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem
attulit admovitque pecus flagrantibus aris.
illi ad surgentem conversi lumina solem
dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro
summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant.
Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur:
‘esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti,
quam propter tantos potui perferre labores,
et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx
(iam melior, iam, diva, precor), tuque inclute Mavors,
cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques;
fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti
religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto:
cesserit Ausonio si fors victoria Turno,
convenit Evandri victos discedere ad urbem,
cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles
Aeneadae referent ferrove haec regna lacessent.
sin nostrum adnuerit nobis victoria Martem
(ut potius reor et potius di numine firment),
non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo
nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae
invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant.
sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto,
imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri
constituent urbique dabit Lavinia nomen.’

The Kings come, Latinus borne in great state
in his four-horse car, shining temples girt with
twelve golden rays, token of his ancestor,
the Sun, Turnus with his white team, hand
gripping twin, broad-bladed spears. Father
Aeneas, fount of the Roman race, shining
with starry shield and heavenly arms,
by him Ascanius, other great hope of Rome,
come from the camp, the priest in spotless robes
brings the offspring of bristly pigs and an unshorn
sheep and takes the beasts to the blazing altars.
Gaze turned to the rising sun, they pour from their
hands the salted grain and mark the top of the beasts’
brows with the knife, pour libations on the altars from
the cups. Then, sword drawn, pious Aeneas prays:
“Let the Sun, and this land for which I was able
to bear such great troubles stand witness as I call,
and the almighty Father, and you, divine consort,
hence a kinder deity, I pray, and you, glorious Mars,
Father who hold all wars fast under your sway,
and I call on springs, rivers and whatever powers are
in the lofty sky and gods in the blue ocean:
should victory chance to fall to Ausonian Turnus,
it is agreed that the vanquished shall withdraw to
Evander’s city, Iulus leave these lands, nor will my
people take up rebellious arms or harm this realm
with steel. If victory grants our arms the cause,
as rather I believe, and may the authority of the Gods
confirm, I will not command Italians to obey the Trojans,
nor seek dominion myself: both peoples, undefeated,
shall combine under equal laws in an eternal compact.
I’ll give my gods and holy relics: as my father-in-law,
Let Latinus keep solemn authority and sway our arms:
the Trojans shall build my town, Lavinia give her name.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  2. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  3. Signs of bad weather
  4. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  5. Aeneas joins the fray
  6. The journey to Hades begins
  7. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  8. The Aeneid begins
  9. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  10. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  11. The natural history of bees
  12. Into battle
  13. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  14. Juno is reconciled
  15. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  16. The Trojan horse opens
  17. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  18. Juno throws open the gates of war
  19. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  20. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  21. Dido falls in love
  22. The boxers
  23. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  24. The battle for Priam’s palace
  25. Sea-nymphs
  26. What is this wooden horse?
  27. Rites for the allies’ dead
  28. Love is the same for all
  29. Turnus at bay
  30. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  31. In King Latinus’s hall
  32. Cassandra is taken
  33. The death of Priam
  34. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  35. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  36. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  37. King Mezentius meets his match
  38. Aeneas and Dido meet
  39. Storm at sea!
  40. Juno’s anger
  41. Laocoon and the snakes
  42. Dido’s release
  43. Vulcan’s forge
  44. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  45. Aeneas is wounded
  46. The farmer’s starry calendar
  47. Turnus is lured away from battle
  48. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  49. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  50. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  51. The Trojans reach Carthage
  52. The Syrian hostess
  53. The death of Priam
  54. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  55. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  56. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  57. New allies for Aeneas
  58. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  59. The Harpy’s prophecy
  60. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  61. The death of Pallas
  62. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  63. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  64. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  65. Rumour
  66. The portals of sleep
  67. Jupiter’s prophecy
  68. Virgil begins the Georgics
  69. The death of Dido
  70. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  71. Catastrophe for Rome?
  72. The infant Camilla
  73. Venus speaks
  74. Aristaeus’s bees
  75. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  76. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  77. The farmer’s happy lot
  78. Turnus the wolf
  79. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  80. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  81. Mourning for Pallas
  82. Charon, the ferryman
  83. Dido’s story
  84. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  85. Helen in the darkness
  86. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.