Ode 4.14

Augustus at the pinnacle

by Horace

In the last-but-one poem in his fourth and final book of odes, Horace concludes his officially commissioned glorification of the new imperial regime and its leading characters with full-on praise of Augustus. It is no-one’s favourite, lacking the human scale, personality and deftness of touch that help to make Horace’s poetry so special; and, in spite of its literary echoes of Pindar and Virgil, there is no dodging the grossness of its sycophancy, though in mitigation no doubt a contemporary audience would have seen in it celebration of the greatness of Rome, as well as of Augustus and his family. Drusus and “Claudius … the elder of the Nerones” (the future Emperor Tiberius) are Augustus’s stepsons, the sons of his wife, Livia, and evidently owe their military successes entirely to Augustus’s troops, counsel and favour with the gods.

Metre: Alcaics.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Reading coming soon.

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Quae cura patrum quaeve Quiritium
plenis honorum muneribus tuas,
Auguste, virtutes in aevum
per titulos memoresque fastos

aeternet, o, qua sol habitabilis
inlustrat oras, maxime principum,
quem legis expertes Latinae
Vindelici didicere nuper

quid Marte posses. milite nam tuo
Drusus Genaunos, inplacidum genus,
Brennosque velocis et arcis
Alpibus inpositas tremendis

deiecit acer plus vice simplici;
maior Neronum mox grave proelium
conmisit immanisque Raetos
auspiciis pepulit secundis,

spectandus in certamine Martio
devota morti pectora liberae
quantis fatigaret ruinis,
indomitas prope qualis undas

exercet Auster Pleiadum choro
scindente nubis, inpiger hostium
vexare turmas et frementem
mittere equum medios per ignis.

sic tauriformis volvitur Aufidus,
qui regna Dauni praefluit Apuli,
cum saevit horrendamque cultis
diluviem meditatur agris,

ut barbarorum Claudius agmina
ferrata vasto diruit impetu
primosque et extremos metendo
stravit humum sine clade victor,

te copias, te consilium et tuos
praebente divos. nam tibi quo die
portus Alexandrea supplex
et vacuam patefecit aulam,

Fortuna lustro prospera tertio
belli secundos reddidit exitus
laudemque et optatum peractis
imperiis decus adrogavit.

te Cantaber non ante domabilis
Medusque et Indus, te profugus Scythes
miratur, o tutela praesens
Italiae dominaeque Romae.

te fontium qui celat origines
Nilusque et Hister, te rapidus Tigris,
te beluosus qui remotis
obstrepit Oceanus Britannis,

te non paventis funera Galliae
duraeque tellus audit Hiberiae,
te caede gaudentes Sygambri
conpositis venerantur armis.

What earnest steps of the Senate and Roman people, and conferral of ample honours, Augustus, can preserve your virtues for ever and ever in inscriptions and the unforgetting public records, o greatest of our leading men wherever the sun shines on peopled lands? Of whom the Vindelici, who had not formerly known the law of Rome, have just learned what you can achieve in war! For, with your own troops, Drusus, fierce in an action that was more than a simple reprisal, has thrown down the Genauni, that savage race, the nimble Brenni and their citadels lodged on the tremendous Alps: then the elder of the Nerones soon gave grim battle and with favourable auspices routed the monstrous Raeti, a sight to see in the arbitrament of Mars, so great was the destruction with which he ground down the hearts of those devoted to the death of freedom, almost like the south wind which rouses the irrepressible waves when the chorus of the Pleiades breaks through the clouds, sternly bent on harrying the enemies’ ranks and driving his foaming mount through the thick of battle. Thus the river Aufidus, which flows past the realm of Apulian Daunus, bull-like, rolls down when he is in a rage and planning a dreadful flood for the tended fields, and so Claudius, striking from all directions, tore apart the ironclad ranks of the barbarians and, mowing down the nearest with the furthest, strewed the ground [with dead] with his own command still entire, a victor with you, [Augustus,] supplying the forces, you the counsel, and you your favour with the Gods. For to you, on the very day when Alexandria in supplication fifteen years before opened to you her gates and her empty palace, auspicious Fortune gave again a favourable outcome to war and, your campaign completed, conferred on you praise and glory which  was all that could be wished for. At you, the Cantabrian, unconquerable before, the Parthian and the Indian and the Scythian, quick in retreat, wonder, o living bond of the safety of Rome, mistress of Italy. You, those rivers that conceal their source, the Nile and Danube; you, the monster-laden Ocean that beats against the distant Britons; you, Gaul, which does not fear to die, and the lands of rugged Spain, hear [and obey]; to you, the Sygambri, who joy in slaughter, arms laid aside, give veneration.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  2. A divine inspiration
  3. An invocation to the lyre
  4. Last love
  5. Lyce grows old
  6. Awe for the Gods
  7. The final ode
  8. Lydia’s tragedy
  9. Some advice for Dellius
  10. An oath to Maecenas
  11. A change of mind
  12. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  13. Horace the swan
  14. Poscimur
  15. Mourning for a good man
  16. Romulus in Heaven
  17. The fleeting years slip by
  18. Augustus returns
  19. Horace’s limitations
  20. Iccius goes soldiering
  21. A garland from the Muses
  22. Soracte
  23. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  24. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  25. The consolations of wine
  26. Licymnia
  27. Augustus, master of the world
  28. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  29. Horace rests from his labours
  30. Rome: disaster and salvation
  31. Romulus becomes a God
  32. A dedication to Diana
  33. The country is best
  34. Glycera
  35. Pyrrha
  36. A prayer to Faunus
  37. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  38. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  39. A prayer to Venus
  40. Horace invites – Virgil?
  41. New temples, new morals
  42. The lust for money versus the simple life
  43. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  44. Postumus, the years slip by
  45. Relief from care
  46. A prayer to Mercury
  47. A day off for rain
  48. Gyges’s constancy
  49. Don’t worry, be happy
  50. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  51. Unrequited love
  52. Love lost and found
  53. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  54. Valgius and Mystes
  55. Don’t trust Barine
  56. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  57. A call for a moral renaissance
  58. Locked out
  59. Horace’s first Ode
  60. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  61. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  62. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  63. Give me comfort, not riches
  64. Horace’s wine
  65. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  66. The Golden Mean
  67. Jealousy
  68. Here’s to Murena!
  69. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  70. Neobule
  71. A country sacrifice
  72. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  73. Late stirrings
  74. Pindar and Augustus
  75. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  76. Housman and Horace
  77. Curse you, tree!
  78. Roman values for the new age
  79. Caesar’s safe return
  80. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  81. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  82. A tactful compliment
  83. Numida’s back
  84. Carpe diem, Sestius
  85. A Farewell to arms
  86. A plea for burial
  87. Horace’s monument
  88. Fortuna
  89. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  90. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  91. Luxury versus the simple life
  92. Europa’s lament
  93. An invitation to Maecenas
  94. Be your age, Chloris!
  95. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  96. Horace’s Chloe
  97. Lalage is too young
  98. O Fons Bandusiae
  99. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  100. Stormy seas
  101. Diffugere nives
  102. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  103. Horace the peacemaker
  104. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  105. What Roman youth should be

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