Odes 3.23

A country sacrifice

by Horace

In this poem we find ourselves in a culture very distant from our own. Phydile, whose name is Greek and implies thrift, is the woman responsible for the regular offerings and ceremonial due to the domestic gods of a modest home and estate in the country, and Horace is the master giving the necessary authority for the rituals. The tenses used at the end show that he is stating a general or proverbial rule there: Phydile, we know, is offering a pig; but even if she did not, her pious observance would be enough without one. The poem seems intended to express the deep affection and respect in which Horace holds the deep traditions and simple piety of the countryside and country people. Grain and salt appear because they were sprinkled on the victim prior to sacrifice, and the salt “jumps” in the fire on the altar.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Alcaics.

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Caelo supinas si tuleris manus
nascente luna, rustica Phidyle,
si ture placaris et horna
fruge Laris avidaque porca:

nec pestilentem sentiet Africum
fecunda vitis nec sterilem seges
robiginem aut dulces alumni
pomifero grave tempus anno.

nam quae nivali pascitur Algido
devota quercus inter et ilices
aut crescit Albanis in herbis
victima, pontificum securis

cervice tinguet: te nihil attinet
temptare multa caede bidentium
parvos coronantem marino
rore deos fragilique myrto.

inmunis aram si tetigit manus,
non sumptuosa blandior hostia,
mollivit aversos Penatis
farre pio et saliente mica.

If when the new moon is born you hold your hands up in prayer, country-dwelling Phydile, and placate the Lares with incense and the first-fruits of the corn and a greedy pig, your fertile vine will not feel the pestilential scirocco, nor your wheat-field feel the sterile mildew, nor your sweet young stock the heavy weather in fruitful autumn-time. For it’s the axes of the priests that blood from the neck of the consecrated sacrificial victim now feeding on snowy Algidus among the oaks and ilexes, or growing on the Alban grassland, will tinge: it is definitely not for you, who crown your little gods with rosemary and fragile myrtle, to tempt them with a great slaughter of sheep. And always, if your hand touches the altar, even without an expensive victim to make it more persuasive, it will placate the Penates, should they be angry, just with the pious gift of grain and jumping salt.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Mourning for a good man
  2. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  3. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  4. Some advice for Dellius
  5. Lalage is too young
  6. Stormy seas
  7. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  8. Relief from care
  9. A Farewell to arms
  10. Horace’s wine
  11. Valgius and Mystes
  12. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  13. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  14. A change of mind
  15. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  16. Romulus in Heaven
  17. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  18. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  19. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  20. A prayer to Faunus
  21. Locked out
  22. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  23. Give me comfort, not riches
  24. Roman values for the new age
  25. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  26. Postumus, the years slip by
  27. A prayer to Venus
  28. Fortuna
  29. A plea for burial
  30. Housman and Horace
  31. A tactful compliment
  32. Poscimur
  33. A divine inspiration
  34. What Roman youth should be
  35. Horace rests from his labours
  36. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  37. Horace’s limitations
  38. Luxury versus the simple life
  39. A day off for rain
  40. Gyges’s constancy
  41. The country is best
  42. Late stirrings
  43. Horace invites – Virgil?
  44. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  45. Jealousy
  46. Lydia’s tragedy
  47. The fleeting years slip by
  48. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  49. New temples, new morals
  50. Awe for the Gods
  51. The consolations of wine
  52. Horace’s monument
  53. Iccius goes soldiering
  54. Augustus returns
  55. O Fons Bandusiae
  56. An oath to Maecenas
  57. Lyce grows old
  58. The final ode
  59. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  60. Rome: disaster and salvation
  61. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  62. Horace’s Chloe
  63. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  64. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  65. Be your age, Chloris!
  66. Neobule
  67. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  68. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  69. A prayer to Mercury
  70. A dedication to Diana
  71. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  72. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  73. Horace the swan
  74. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  75. Curse you, tree!
  76. Last love
  77. Europa’s lament
  78. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  79. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  80. Horace’s first Ode
  81. A garland from the Muses
  82. Horace the peacemaker
  83. Soracte
  84. Numida’s back
  85. Love lost and found
  86. The Golden Mean
  87. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  88. Licymnia
  89. Glycera
  90. Caesar’s safe return
  91. An invocation to the lyre
  92. Carpe diem, Sestius
  93. Don’t trust Barine
  94. Romulus becomes a God
  95. Augustus, master of the world
  96. The lust for money versus the simple life
  97. Don’t worry, be happy
  98. Here’s to Murena!
  99. Unrequited love
  100. Diffugere nives
  101. An invitation to Maecenas
  102. Pindar and Augustus
  103. A call for a moral renaissance
  104. Pyrrha

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