Odes 3.11

An invocation to the lyre

by Horace

Often referred to as an ode to Mercury, who is addressed only in the first couplet, this poem is really an invocation to his invention, the lyre. The scene in which the occupants of the underworld are captivated by its music is a stock situation which appears elsewhere in Horace, and in other poets including Virgil and Ovid. Commentators have sometimes found the length of the passage about the daughters of Danaus disproportionate, but such a striking and dramatic scene from myth could well be an end in itself for Horace the virtuoso. The message of the poem as a whole is clearly that Lyde, whom Horace (if he is the speaker of the poem) is pursuing, should take pity on him, just as the one virtuous daughter of Danaus did on her husband. The lyre symbolises the persuasive power of poetry, which Horace hopes will win over the girl he desires.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Sapphics

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Mercuri, nam te docilis magistro
movit Amphion lapides canendo,
tuque testudo resonare septem
callida nervis,

nec loquax olim neque grata, nunc et
divitum mensis et amica templis,
dic modos, Lyde quibus obstinatas
adplicet auris,

quae velut latis equa trima campis
ludit exsultim metuitque tangi
nuptiarum expers et adhuc protervo
cruda marito.

tu potes tigris comitesque silvas
ducere et rivos celeres morari;
cessit immanis tibi blandienti
ianitor aulae

Cerberus, quamvis furiale centum
muniant angues caput eius atque
spiritus taeter saniesque manet
ore trilingui;

quin et Ixion Tityosque voltu
risit invito, stetit urna paulum
sicca, dum grato Danai puellas
carmine mulces.

audiat Lyde scelus atque notas
virginum poenas et inane lymphae
dolium fundo pereuntis imo
seraque fata,

quae manent culpas etiam sub Orco.
inpiae, (nam quid potuere maius?)
inpiae sponsos potuere duro
perdere ferro.

una de multis face nuptiali
digna periurum fuit in parentem
splendide mendax et in omne virgo
nobilis aevum,

“surge” quae dixit iuveni marito,
“surge, ne longus tibi somnus unde
non times detur; socerum et scelestas
falle sorores,

quae velut nactae vitulos leaenae
singulos eheu lacerant: ego illis
mollior nec te feriam neque intra
claustra tenebo.

me pater saevis oneret catenis,
quod viro clemens misero peperci,
me vel extremos Numidarum in agros
classe releget:

i pedes quo te rapiunt et aurae,
dum favet nox et Venus, i secundo
omine et nostri memorem sepulcro
scalpe querelam.”

O Mercury, for with you as his teacher your apt pupil Amphion moved the stones with his song; and you, lyre, so skilled at sounding with your seven strings, once voiceless and unloved but welcome now in temples and at the tables of the rich, play music to which Lyde can turn her stubborn ears, Lyde who is laying like a frisky three-year old filly on the broad plain, shrinking from the touch, knowing nothing of marriage and unready still for a wanton husband. You have power to lead tigers and woodlands as your companions and to hold back swift rivers; the doorkeeper of the vast hall [of Hades], Cerberus, cedes the way to you as you soothe him, though a hundred of the Furies’ serpents arm his head and along with gore a loathsome breath oozes from his three-tongued mouth; why, even Ixion and Tityos can’t help but smile, and the urn stands dry for a little while as you charm the daughters of Danaus with your lovely song. Let Lyde hear of those young women’s crime, the famous penalty they paid and that great jar, empty of the water which flows through it down at the bottom, and the fate which, even if delayed, waits in the end for guilt even in the land of Hades. In their sacrilege – what worse sacrilege could they have done –they were able to bring themselves to kill their husbands with the pitiless steel. Of the many, just one, worthy of the wedding-torch, showed a nobility famous down the ages and played her perjured father magnificently false when she said to her young bridegroom, “get up – get up, or you may be given your long sleep from a quarter that you do not suspect: foil your father-in-law and my wicked sisters, who are like lionesses who have pounced on young calves and are tearing them one by one: less cruel than they are,  I shall not strike you down or keep you confined. Let my father load me with chains because I have shown mercy and spared you, my husband, or let him ship me away to the farthest fields of Numidia: go where your feet and the sea-winds take you, while Venus and the night are in your favour; go with good omens, and in my memory carve my sad story on your tomb.”

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Gyges’s constancy
  2. A change of mind
  3. O Fons Bandusiae
  4. Love lost and found
  5. Stormy seas
  6. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  7. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  8. Romulus in Heaven
  9. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  10. Mourning for a good man
  11. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  12. Horace’s wine
  13. An oath to Maecenas
  14. Horace the peacemaker
  15. Here’s to Murena!
  16. Augustus, master of the world
  17. Don’t worry, be happy
  18. A prayer to Venus
  19. Horace’s monument
  20. Housman and Horace
  21. Carpe diem, Sestius
  22. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  23. Roman values for the new age
  24. Horace’s Chloe
  25. The consolations of wine
  26. The final ode
  27. The fleeting years slip by
  28. Postumus, the years slip by
  29. Horace the swan
  30. Rome: disaster and salvation
  31. An invitation to Maecenas
  32. Luxury versus the simple life
  33. Caesar’s safe return
  34. Don’t trust Barine
  35. Horace’s limitations
  36. Romulus becomes a God
  37. Lydia’s tragedy
  38. Diffugere nives
  39. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  40. A garland from the Muses
  41. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  42. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  43. Lalage is too young
  44. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  45. Poscimur
  46. Locked out
  47. Glycera
  48. Fortuna
  49. Jealousy
  50. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  51. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  52. Horace rests from his labours
  53. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  54. Numida’s back
  55. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  56. Last love
  57. Pyrrha
  58. Some advice for Dellius
  59. The country is best
  60. Valgius and Mystes
  61. Give me comfort, not riches
  62. The Golden Mean
  63. A Farewell to arms
  64. Awe for the Gods
  65. Relief from care
  66. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  67. Soracte
  68. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  69. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  70. A plea for burial
  71. Curse you, tree!
  72. What Roman youth should be
  73. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  74. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  75. Pindar and Augustus
  76. New temples, new morals
  77. Unrequited love
  78. Horace’s first Ode
  79. Neobule
  80. Iccius goes soldiering
  81. A prayer to Mercury
  82. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  83. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  84. Licymnia
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