Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  2. Juno is reconciled
  3. Rites for the allies’ dead
  4. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  5. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  6. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  7. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  8. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  9. The portals of sleep
  10. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  11. Jupiter’s prophecy
  12. The Syrian hostess
  13. Aeneas is wounded
  14. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  15. Aeneas’s oath
  16. The Trojans reach Carthage
  17. Into battle
  18. The journey to Hades begins
  19. Venus speaks
  20. The infant Camilla
  21. The boxers
  22. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  23. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  24. Mourning for Pallas
  25. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  26. Juno’s anger
  27. Dido’s story
  28. The natural history of bees
  29. Catastrophe for Rome?
  30. Turnus at bay
  31. Rumour
  32. The farmer’s happy lot
  33. King Mezentius meets his match
  34. The battle for Priam’s palace
  35. Aeneas joins the fray
  36. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  37. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  38. New allies for Aeneas
  39. Vulcan’s forge
  40. The Harpy’s prophecy
  41. Dido falls in love
  42. Signs of bad weather
  43. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  44. The Trojan horse opens
  45. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  46. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  47. The death of Dido
  48. Juno throws open the gates of war
  49. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  50. Cassandra is taken
  51. Laocoon and the snakes
  52. Helen in the darkness
  53. The death of Priam
  54. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  55. The death of Pallas
  56. Turnus the wolf
  57. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  58. Turnus is lured away from battle
  59. Love is the same for all
  60. In King Latinus’s hall
  61. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  62. Storm at sea!
  63. Dido’s release
  64. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  65. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  66. Virgil begins the Georgics
  67. The farmer’s starry calendar
  68. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  69. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  70. Aristaeus’s bees
  71. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  72. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  73. Aeneas and Dido meet
  74. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  75. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  76. The death of Priam
  77. Charon, the ferryman
  78. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  79. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  80. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  81. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  82. Sea-nymphs
  83. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  84. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  85. The Aeneid begins
  86. What is this wooden horse?
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