Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

See the illustrated blog post here.

You can follow all of our extracts from the Georgics in order in the selection here.

To listen, press play:

To scroll the original and English translation of the poem at the same time - tap inside one box to select it and then scroll.

Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. The farmer’s starry calendar
  2. Sea-nymphs
  3. Catastrophe for Rome?
  4. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  5. The death of Priam
  6. The portals of sleep
  7. The Aeneid begins
  8. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  9. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  10. Turnus is lured away from battle
  11. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  12. Juno throws open the gates of war
  13. Laocoon and the snakes
  14. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  15. Juno’s anger
  16. Turnus the wolf
  17. Turnus at bay
  18. Aeneas and Dido meet
  19. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  20. Venus speaks
  21. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  22. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  23. Rites for the allies’ dead
  24. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  25. The farmer’s happy lot
  26. Rumour
  27. What is this wooden horse?
  28. Aristaeus’s bees
  29. Dido falls in love
  30. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  31. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  32. Aeneas’s oath
  33. Storm at sea!
  34. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  35. Aeneas joins the fray
  36. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  37. Aeneas is wounded
  38. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  39. The Syrian hostess
  40. The infant Camilla
  41. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  42. Into battle
  43. The natural history of bees
  44. The boxers
  45. The Harpy’s prophecy
  46. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  47. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  48. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  49. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  50. The death of Priam
  51. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  52. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  53. The journey to Hades begins
  54. Vulcan’s forge
  55. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  56. Helen in the darkness
  57. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  58. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  59. The death of Dido
  60. Signs of bad weather
  61. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  62. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  63. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  64. Jupiter’s prophecy
  65. Dido’s release
  66. Love is the same for all
  67. The battle for Priam’s palace
  68. The Trojan horse opens
  69. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  70. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  71. Virgil begins the Georgics
  72. The Trojans reach Carthage
  73. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  74. King Mezentius meets his match
  75. The death of Pallas
  76. Charon, the ferryman
  77. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  78. In King Latinus’s hall
  79. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  80. Mourning for Pallas
  81. Dido’s story
  82. New allies for Aeneas
  83. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  84. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  85. Cassandra is taken
  86. Juno is reconciled
Privacy Overview

This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful.