Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Jupiter’s prophecy
  2. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  3. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  4. Dido’s release
  5. Aristaeus’s bees
  6. The Aeneid begins
  7. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  8. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  9. Into battle
  10. Aeneas and Dido meet
  11. The Trojan horse opens
  12. Charon, the ferryman
  13. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  14. The journey to Hades begins
  15. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  16. Turnus at bay
  17. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  18. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  19. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  20. Rites for the allies’ dead
  21. Juno’s anger
  22. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  23. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  24. The boxers
  25. The battle for Priam’s palace
  26. Dido falls in love
  27. The death of Priam
  28. Storm at sea!
  29. Juno is reconciled
  30. Turnus is lured away from battle
  31. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  32. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  33. Aeneas’s oath
  34. The death of Dido
  35. Aeneas joins the fray
  36. Mourning for Pallas
  37. Catastrophe for Rome?
  38. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  39. The portals of sleep
  40. The death of Priam
  41. Turnus the wolf
  42. Helen in the darkness
  43. The farmer’s happy lot
  44. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  45. Vulcan’s forge
  46. In King Latinus’s hall
  47. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  48. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  49. Signs of bad weather
  50. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  51. Aeneas is wounded
  52. The Harpy’s prophecy
  53. The Trojans reach Carthage
  54. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  55. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  56. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  57. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  58. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  59. Virgil begins the Georgics
  60. Sea-nymphs
  61. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  62. The Syrian hostess
  63. What is this wooden horse?
  64. The farmer’s starry calendar
  65. New allies for Aeneas
  66. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  67. The infant Camilla
  68. Love is the same for all
  69. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  70. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  71. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  72. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  73. The natural history of bees
  74. Cassandra is taken
  75. Rumour
  76. Venus speaks
  77. Juno throws open the gates of war
  78. King Mezentius meets his match
  79. Laocoon and the snakes
  80. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  81. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  82. Dido’s story
  83. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  84. The death of Pallas
  85. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  86. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
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