Georgics Book 3, lines 6 - 22 and 40 - 48

Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar

by Virgil

At the heart of the Georgics, Virgil begins his third Book by laying his farming theme aside for a time to look forward to greater things. Conventional mythological themes from Greece, he says, have become trite, and he sets out his ambition to transcend them with something new and distinctively Roman. In a passage rich in allusions, not only to mythology and Greek locations, but also to the military achievements of Julius Caesar’s nephew Octavian, the future Emperor Augustus, he imagines a future work that he will write on this new and loftier theme. He uses the analogy of the building of a new temple: Octavian will be the resident deity, but in the ceremonial games that will celebrate the temple’s foundation, Virgil imagines he too will stand alongside the great man in a victor’s trappings, having transferred all the poetical resources of the Greek world into a new Latin creation which will extend Octavian’s fame (and Virgil’s) as far into the future as the time that has elapsed since the beginnings of mankind and heroes. In its details the conception is not yet the great historical epic which Virgil will write – Caesar himself, not yet his legendary forebear, Aeneas, is the focus – but it is clear, as Virgil summons up renewed enthusiasm to return to the rural theme that he now needs to complete, that the road to the Aeneid has begun here in this passage of the Georgics.

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Cui non dictus Hylas puer et Latonia Delos
Hippodameque umeroque Pelops insignis eburno,
acer equis? temptanda via est, qua me quoque possim
tollere humo victorque virum volitare per ora.
primus ego in patriam mecum, modo vita supersit,
Aonio rediens deducam vertice Musas;
primus Idumaeas referam tibi, Mantua, palmas,
et viridi in campo templum de marmore ponam
propter aquam, tardis ingens ubi flexibus errat
Mincius et tenera praetexit harundine ripas.
in medio mihi Caesar erit templumque tenebit:
illi victor ego et Tyrio conspectus in ostro
centum quadriiugos agitabo ad flumina currus.
cuncta mihi Alpheum linquens lucosque Molorchi
cursibus et crudo decernet Graecia caestu.
ipse caput tonsae foliis ornatus olivae
dona feram.

interea Dryadum silvas saltusque sequamur
intactos, tua, Maecenas, haud mollia iussa:
te sine nil altum mens incohat. en age segnis
rumpe moras; vocat ingenti clamore Cithaeron
Taygetique canes domitrixque Epidaurus equorum,
et vox adsensu nemorum ingeminata remugit.
mox tamen ardentis accingar dicere pugnas
Caesaris et nomen fama tot ferre per annos,
Tithoni prima quot abest ab origine Caesar.

Who has not been told of the boy Hylas and Latona’s Delos, Hippodame and Pelops, fierce driver of horses, famous for his ivory shoulder? I shall attempt a way by which I too may be able to raise myself from the earth and fly, a victor, through the mouths of men. I will be the first, if life remains to me, to lead the Muses down from their Grecian peak to my own homeland; I shall be the first, Mantua, to bring home to you the palms of Idumaea, and in the green fields by the waters I will found a marble temple, where the mighty river Mincio wanders in lazy curves and fringes his banks with supple reeds. In the middle I shall have Caesar, and he shall possess the temple. I myself shall be by him in a victor’s garb, conspicuous in purple, and drive one hundred four-horse chariots to the river. Leaving Olympia and the groves of Nemea, the whole of Greece shall compete in the races and with the brutal boxing glove. And I, my head wreathed with a trimmed olive crown, shall award the prizes.

But meanwhile let us go on with the tree-nymphs’ woods and the virgin glades, following your orders, Maecenas, hard though they are: without you, my mind can attempt nothing sublime. Come, let’s break free from dull delay: Mount Cithaeron is calling us with a mighty shout, and the Spartan hounds of Taygetus, and Epidaurus the tamer of horses, and the echo rings back, redoubled by the applause of the woodland. But the time will now soon come when I shall gird myself to tell of Caesar’s battles, and carry his name forward on the wings of fame for as many years as lie between the distant origin of old Tithonus and Caesar himself.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. The boxers
  2. Helen in the darkness
  3. The battle for Priam’s palace
  4. Signs of bad weather
  5. Aristaeus’s bees
  6. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  7. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  8. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  9. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  10. The natural history of bees
  11. Jupiter’s prophecy
  12. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  13. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  14. The portals of sleep
  15. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  16. Storm at sea!
  17. Into battle
  18. Turnus is lured away from battle
  19. Catastrophe for Rome?
  20. Juno’s anger
  21. Venus speaks
  22. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  23. Rites for the allies’ dead
  24. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  25. Sea-nymphs
  26. The farmer’s starry calendar
  27. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  28. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  29. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  30. King Mezentius meets his match
  31. The Syrian hostess
  32. The death of Dido
  33. In King Latinus’s hall
  34. The journey to Hades begins
  35. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  36. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  37. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  38. Turnus the wolf
  39. Juno throws open the gates of war
  40. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  41. Mourning for Pallas
  42. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  43. Cassandra is taken
  44. Virgil begins the Georgics
  45. Turnus at bay
  46. What is this wooden horse?
  47. Vulcan’s forge
  48. The death of Priam
  49. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  50. The death of Priam
  51. The Trojans reach Carthage
  52. New allies for Aeneas
  53. Dido’s story
  54. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  55. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  56. Aeneas and Dido meet
  57. The infant Camilla
  58. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  59. Aeneas is wounded
  60. Juno is reconciled
  61. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  62. The Trojan horse opens
  63. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  64. Rumour
  65. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  66. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  67. The death of Pallas
  68. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  69. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  70. Dido’s release
  71. Love is the same for all
  72. Laocoon and the snakes
  73. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  74. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  75. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  76. The farmer’s happy lot
  77. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  78. Dido falls in love
  79. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  80. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  81. Aeneas joins the fray
  82. The Aeneid begins
  83. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  84. The Harpy’s prophecy
  85. Charon, the ferryman
  86. Aeneas’s oath
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