Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  2. The death of Priam
  3. Laocoon and the snakes
  4. Rites for the allies’ dead
  5. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  6. Vulcan’s forge
  7. The infant Camilla
  8. New allies for Aeneas
  9. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  10. The journey to Hades begins
  11. Juno’s anger
  12. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  13. In King Latinus’s hall
  14. Aeneas’s oath
  15. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  16. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  17. Love is the same for all
  18. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  19. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  20. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  21. The battle for Priam’s palace
  22. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  23. Aeneas joins the fray
  24. Jupiter’s prophecy
  25. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  26. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  27. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  28. The boxers
  29. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  30. Juno is reconciled
  31. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  32. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  33. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  34. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  35. The natural history of bees
  36. Helen in the darkness
  37. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  38. Storm at sea!
  39. Mourning for Pallas
  40. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  41. Turnus the wolf
  42. Into battle
  43. The death of Pallas
  44. Turnus at bay
  45. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  46. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  47. Catastrophe for Rome?
  48. The portals of sleep
  49. Aeneas is wounded
  50. The death of Priam
  51. The Trojans reach Carthage
  52. Turnus is lured away from battle
  53. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  54. King Mezentius meets his match
  55. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  56. What is this wooden horse?
  57. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  58. Rumour
  59. Dido’s release
  60. Cassandra is taken
  61. The death of Dido
  62. Charon, the ferryman
  63. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  64. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  65. The Harpy’s prophecy
  66. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  67. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  68. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  69. Aeneas and Dido meet
  70. The Trojan horse opens
  71. Dido’s story
  72. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  73. Signs of bad weather
  74. Venus speaks
  75. The Syrian hostess
  76. The Aeneid begins
  77. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  78. Sea-nymphs
  79. The farmer’s happy lot
  80. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  81. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  82. Juno throws open the gates of war
  83. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  84. The farmer’s starry calendar
  85. Dido falls in love
  86. Virgil begins the Georgics
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