Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  2. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  3. Signs of bad weather
  4. Turnus is lured away from battle
  5. The Syrian hostess
  6. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  7. The Aeneid begins
  8. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  9. Vulcan’s forge
  10. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  11. King Mezentius meets his match
  12. Rites for the allies’ dead
  13. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  14. Aeneas joins the fray
  15. Aeneas and Dido meet
  16. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  17. The infant Camilla
  18. Into battle
  19. Dido’s story
  20. Storm at sea!
  21. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  22. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  23. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  24. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  25. What is this wooden horse?
  26. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  27. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  28. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  29. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  30. New allies for Aeneas
  31. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  32. The boxers
  33. Virgil begins the Georgics
  34. Dido’s release
  35. Sea-nymphs
  36. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  37. Turnus the wolf
  38. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  39. The farmer’s starry calendar
  40. Laocoon and the snakes
  41. Aeneas’s oath
  42. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  43. The battle for Priam’s palace
  44. Mourning for Pallas
  45. Jupiter’s prophecy
  46. Dido falls in love
  47. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  48. Turnus at bay
  49. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  50. The portals of sleep
  51. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  52. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  53. Cassandra is taken
  54. Venus speaks
  55. The journey to Hades begins
  56. Juno throws open the gates of war
  57. The death of Priam
  58. The Trojans reach Carthage
  59. The farmer’s happy lot
  60. The death of Pallas
  61. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  62. The natural history of bees
  63. Juno is reconciled
  64. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  65. The Trojan horse opens
  66. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  67. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  68. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  69. The death of Dido
  70. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  71. Aeneas is wounded
  72. Charon, the ferryman
  73. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  74. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  75. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  76. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  77. Rumour
  78. Love is the same for all
  79. The Harpy’s prophecy
  80. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  81. The death of Priam
  82. Helen in the darkness
  83. In King Latinus’s hall
  84. Juno’s anger
  85. Catastrophe for Rome?
  86. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
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