Georgics Book 4, lines 531 - 558

Aristaeus’s bees

by Virgil

In an extended excursion into myth, Virgil continues with the theme of bees in the second half of his fourth Book of the Georgics. Aristaeus, son of Cyrene, a water-deity, has lost his bees to hunger and disease. His mother tells him how he can find out the reason by subduing Peleus, a supernatural being endowed with shape-shifting powers and the gift of prophecy. Aristaeus learns that he is being punished for causing the deaths of Eurydice, bitten by a snake as Aristaeus pursued her, and indirectly of her husband Orpheus, who has died, grief-stricken, after the failure of his attempt to rescue her from the underworld using his miraculous musical gifts. As this extract starts, Cyrene is telling her son how to atone for his guilt.

After the end of Aristaeus’s story, Virgil ends the Georgics with a brief coda praising the future Augustus’s latest military victories and bidding farewell to his own engagement with pastoral poetry. When we next read him, he will have turned to military glory and the foundation myth of Rome and the Caesars in his Aeneid.

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“Nate, licet tristes animo deponere curas.
haec omnis morbi causa; hinc miserabile Nymphae,
cum quibus illa choros lucis agitabat in altis,
exitium misere apibus. tu munera supplex
tende petens pacem et faciles venerare Napaeas;
namque dabunt veniam votis irasque remittent.
sed modus orandi qui sit, prius ordine dicam.
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros,
qui tibi nunc viridis depascunt summa Lycaei,
delige et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
quattuor his aras alta ad delubra dearum
constitue et sacrum iugulis demitte cruorem,
corporaque ipsa boum frondoso desere luco.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora ostenderit ortus,
inferias Orphei Lethaea papavera mittes
et nigram mactabis ovem lucumque revises:
placatam Eurydicen vitula venerabere caesa.”
haud mora; continuo matris praecepta facessit;
ad delubra venit, monstratas excitat aras,
quattuor eximios praestanti corpore tauros
ducit et intacta totidem cervice iuvencas.
post, ubi nona suos Aurora induxerat ortus,
inferias Orphei mittit lucumque revisit.
hic vero subitum ac dictu mirabile monstrum
adspiciunt, liquefacta boum per viscera toto
stridere apes utero et ruptis effervere costis,
immensasque trahi nubes, iamque arbore summa
confluere et lentis uvam demittere ramis.

“My son, dismiss the sadness and sorrow from your mind. This is the sole cause of the sickness, for this the Nymphs, whom Eurydice used to dance with in the mountain groves, have inflicted a terrible destruction on your bees. Go, a suppliant, bring peace-offerings and venerate the gentle wood-nymphs; for they will respond with forgiveness and lay aside their anger. But I will tell first how you should make your prayer. Choose four outstanding prize bulls from your herd now grazing the green tops of Mount Lycaeus, and as many heifers whose neck was never yoked. Set up four altars for them at the mountain shrine of the goddesses, let down the sacred blood from their throats, and leave the bodies of the cattle in the leafy grove. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn has displayed her rising, lay out drowsy poppy as a funeral offering to Orpheus, sacrifice a black sheep and return to the grove. Eurydice will be appeased: sacrifice a she-calf in her honour.” Without delay, he follows at once his mother’s instructions, raises up the altars she prescribed, brings four outstanding prize bulls and as many heifers whose neck has never been yoked. Afterwards, when the ninth dawn had brought in her rising, he makes funeral offerings to Orpheus and returns to the grove. There they see a sudden and truly marvelous prodigy, bees buzzing all through the liquefied flesh and the entrails of the cattle and bubbling out from the burst rib-cages, borne along in huge clouds until they flow together on tree-tops, hanging down their swarms from the bending branches.

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More Poems by Virgil

  1. Mourning for Pallas
  2. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  3. Dido falls in love
  4. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  5. The Harpy’s prophecy
  6. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  7. The boxers
  8. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  9. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  10. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  11. Signs of bad weather
  12. Turnus is lured away from battle
  13. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  14. Jupiter’s prophecy
  15. Dido’s story
  16. What is this wooden horse?
  17. Vulcan’s forge
  18. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  19. In King Latinus’s hall
  20. Rumour
  21. Aeneas’s oath
  22. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  23. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  24. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  25. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  26. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  27. The Trojans reach Carthage
  28. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  29. Catastrophe for Rome?
  30. The Aeneid begins
  31. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  32. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  33. The journey to Hades begins
  34. The death of Pallas
  35. The natural history of bees
  36. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  37. Turnus the wolf
  38. Juno throws open the gates of war
  39. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  40. The farmer’s starry calendar
  41. Aeneas is wounded
  42. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  43. The infant Camilla
  44. King Mezentius meets his match
  45. The battle for Priam’s palace
  46. New allies for Aeneas
  47. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  48. Aeneas joins the fray
  49. Love is the same for all
  50. Laocoon and the snakes
  51. Juno is reconciled
  52. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  53. The death of Priam
  54. Mercury’s journey to Carthage
  55. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  56. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  57. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  58. The portals of sleep
  59. Virgil begins the Georgics
  60. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  61. Helen in the darkness
  62. Rites for the allies’ dead
  63. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  64. The Syrian hostess
  65. Turnus at bay
  66. Sea-nymphs
  67. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  68. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  69. Charon, the ferryman
  70. Venus speaks
  71. The death of Priam
  72. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  73. Cassandra is taken
  74. The death of Dido
  75. Storm at sea!
  76. Juno’s anger
  77. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  78. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  79. Aeneas and Dido meet
  80. Into battle
  81. Dido’s release
  82. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  83. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  84. The farmer’s happy lot
  85. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  86. The Trojan horse opens