Aeneid Book 4, lines 238 - 258

Mercury’s journey to Carthage

by Virgil

Here is Mercury on his way to Carthage with a stern message for Aeneas from the Gods. Virgil combines a description of Mercury which is quite closely based on Homer with ideas of his own personifying Mount Atlas as a huge, craggy old man.

Mercury’s function as a psychopomp – a guide of the the souls of the dead – features in Homer’s Odyssey, where he brings the souls of Penelope’s suitors to the underworld when Odysseus has killed them. “Opening eyes in death” is a reference to the Roman custom of opening the eyes of the dead on the funeral pyre.

Mercury’s mother, Maia, was the daughter of Atlas. Mercury is called “the Cyllenian” after Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, where, according to tradition, he was born.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat
imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit
aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra
seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant.
tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco
pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,
dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat
nubila. iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit
Atlantis duri caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris
piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis
constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas
misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum
piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat
litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat
materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.

The Great Father had spoken. Mercury prepared
to obey his order, and first laced the golden
sandals on his feet which bear him aloft on
their wings as fast as the wind over sea and land.
Next he took his wand, with which he summons
pale ghosts from Orcus, sends others under sad
Tartarus, gives and takes sleep and opens eyes
in death. With it he drives the winds and swims
over the wild clouds. In flight he sees the peak
and steep sides of rough Atlas, whose crown supports
the heavens, Atlas whose pine-clad head is forever
girt with black clouds and lashed by gale and storm,
snowfall clothes his shoulders, torrents crash down
from the ancient’s chin, his bristling beard is stiff
with ice. Here the Cyllenian, hovering on both wings,
first paused, then stooped headlong close to the waves in
the shape of a bird which flies low, skimming the surface,
around the shore and the fishes’ rocky home.
Just so Cyllene’s child cut the winds as he came,
flying between earth and sky to Libya’s sandy shore
from his maternal grandsire.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. The Harpy’s prophecy
  2. In King Latinus’s hall
  3. Catastrophe for Rome?
  4. Juno is reconciled
  5. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  6. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  7. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  8. Aeneas and Dido meet
  9. The Trojan horse opens
  10. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  11. King Mezentius meets his match
  12. The natural history of bees
  13. Laocoon and the snakes
  14. Aeneas’s oath
  15. Dido’s story
  16. Sea-nymphs
  17. The farmer’s starry calendar
  18. Dido falls in love
  19. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  20. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  21. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  22. Turnus at bay
  23. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  24. The infant Camilla
  25. Helen in the darkness
  26. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  27. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  28. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  29. Turnus the wolf
  30. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  31. New allies for Aeneas
  32. The Syrian hostess
  33. Rites for the allies’ dead
  34. Storm at sea!
  35. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  36. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  37. Virgil begins the Georgics
  38. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  39. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  40. Rumour
  41. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  42. The death of Pallas
  43. Signs of bad weather
  44. Turnus is lured away from battle
  45. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  46. The farmer’s happy lot
  47. Dido’s release
  48. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  49. Jupiter’s prophecy
  50. Juno’s anger
  51. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  52. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  53. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  54. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  55. Love is the same for all
  56. Juno throws open the gates of war
  57. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  58. The death of Dido
  59. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  60. Into battle
  61. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  62. Vulcan’s forge
  63. The Trojans reach Carthage
  64. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  65. The portals of sleep
  66. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  67. Venus speaks
  68. The battle for Priam’s palace
  69. The boxers
  70. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  71. Aristaeus’s bees
  72. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  73. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  74. The death of Priam
  75. What is this wooden horse?
  76. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  77. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  78. Aeneas is wounded
  79. The death of Priam
  80. Cassandra is taken
  81. The journey to Hades begins
  82. Mourning for Pallas
  83. Charon, the ferryman
  84. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  85. The Aeneid begins
  86. Aeneas joins the fray