Aeneid Book 4, lines 238 - 258

Mercury’s journey to Carthage

by Virgil

Here is Mercury on his way to Carthage with a stern message for Aeneas from the Gods. Virgil combines a description of Mercury which is quite closely based on Homer with ideas of his own personifying Mount Atlas as a huge, craggy old man.

Mercury’s function as a psychopomp – a guide of the the souls of the dead – features in Homer’s Odyssey, where he brings the souls of Penelope’s suitors to the underworld when Odysseus has killed them. “Opening eyes in death” is a reference to the Roman custom of opening the eyes of the dead on the funeral pyre.

Mercury’s mother, Maia, was the daughter of Atlas. Mercury is called “the Cyllenian” after Mount Cyllene in Arcadia, where, according to tradition, he was born.

See the illustrated blog post here.

To follow the story of Aeneas in sequence, use this link to the full Pantheon Poets selection of extracts from the Aeneid. See the next episode here.

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Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat
imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit
aurea, quae sublimem alis sive aequora supra
seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant.
tum virgam capit: hac animas ille evocat Orco
pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit,
dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat.
illa fretus agit ventos et turbida tranat
nubila. iamque volans apicem et latera ardua cernit
Atlantis duri caelum qui vertice fulcit,
Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris
piniferum caput et vento pulsatur et imbri,
nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento
praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba.
hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis
constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas
misit avi similis, quae circum litora, circum
piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta.
haud aliter terras inter caelumque volabat
litus harenosum ad Libyae, ventosque secabat
materno veniens ab avo Cyllenia proles.

The Great Father had spoken. Mercury prepared
to obey his order, and first laced the golden
sandals on his feet which bear him aloft on
their wings as fast as the wind over sea and land.
Next he took his wand, with which he summons
pale ghosts from Orcus, sends others under sad
Tartarus, gives and takes sleep and opens eyes
in death. With it he drives the winds and swims
over the wild clouds. In flight he sees the peak
and steep sides of rough Atlas, whose crown supports
the heavens, Atlas whose pine-clad head is forever
girt with black clouds and lashed by gale and storm,
snowfall clothes his shoulders, torrents crash down
from the ancient’s chin, his bristling beard is stiff
with ice. Here the Cyllenian, hovering on both wings,
first paused, then stooped headlong close to the waves in
the shape of a bird which flies low, skimming the surface,
around the shore and the fishes’ rocky home.
Just so Cyllene’s child cut the winds as he came,
flying between earth and sky to Libya’s sandy shore
from his maternal grandsire.

`

More Poems by Virgil

  1. Aristaeus’s bees
  2. Rites for the allies’ dead
  3. The Trojans prepare to set sail from Carthage
  4. A Fury rouses Turnus to war
  5. Juno’s anger
  6. The Harpy’s prophecy
  7. Hector visits Aeneas in a dream
  8. Virgil’s perils on the sea
  9. Catastrophe for Rome?
  10. Rumour
  11. Jupiter’s prophecy
  12. Aeneas is wounded
  13. Omens for Princess Lavinia
  14. Aeneas prepares to tell Dido his story
  15. Virgil predicts a forthcoming birth and a new golden age
  16. Virgil’s poetic temple to Caesar
  17. Souls awaiting punishment in Tartarus, and the crimes that brought them there.
  18. Aeneas sees Marcellus, Augustus’s tragic heir
  19. Dido’s release
  20. Aeneas and Dido meet
  21. Dido and Aeneas: Hell hath no fury …
  22. Aeneas saves his son and father, but at a cost
  23. Fire strikes Aeneas’s fleet
  24. Help for Father Aeneas from Father Tiber
  25. The death of Priam
  26. The Syrian hostess
  27. The boxers
  28. Turnus at bay
  29. Aeneas prepares for a hopeless fight
  30. The farmer’s starry calendar
  31. Aeneas’s vision of Augustus
  32. Aeneas tours the site of Rome
  33. The farmer’s happy lot
  34. Palinurus the helmsman is lost
  35. Aeneas learns the way to the underworld
  36. King Mezentius meets his match
  37. Signs of bad weather
  38. Juno is reconciled
  39. In King Latinus’s hall
  40. Mourning for Pallas
  41. Turnus the wolf
  42. Aeneas’s oath
  43. New allies for Aeneas
  44. The portals of sleep
  45. Juno throws open the gates of war
  46. Laocoon and the snakes
  47. The death of Euryalus and Nisus
  48. Into battle
  49. The death of Priam
  50. Aeneas’s ships are transformed
  51. More from Virgil’s farming Utopia
  52. The natural history of bees
  53. Venus speaks
  54. How Aeneas will know the site of his city
  55. Love is the same for all
  56. The Trojan horse opens
  57. The infant Camilla
  58. Cassandra is taken
  59. What is this wooden horse?
  60. Virgil begins the Georgics
  61. The death of Dido
  62. Laocoon warns against the Trojan horse
  63. Aeneas rescues his Father Anchises
  64. Aeneas arrives in Italy
  65. The Fury Allecto blows the alarm
  66. Dido and Aeneas: royal hunt and royal affair
  67. Aeneas reaches the Elysian Fields
  68. The journey to Hades begins
  69. King Latinus grants the Trojans’ request
  70. Turnus is lured away from battle
  71. Anchises’s ghost invites Aeneas to visit the underworld
  72. Charon, the ferryman
  73. The battle for Priam’s palace
  74. Storm at sea!
  75. Dido’s story
  76. The Trojans reach Carthage
  77. Aeneas finds Dido among the shades
  78. Aeneas comes to the Hell of Tartarus
  79. Helen in the darkness
  80. Vulcan’s forge
  81. The Aeneid begins
  82. Dido falls in love
  83. The death of Pallas
  84. The Trojan Horse enters the city
  85. Aeneas joins the fray
  86. Sea-nymphs