Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Horace’s wine
  2. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  3. Love lost and found
  4. Luxury versus the simple life
  5. Licymnia
  6. Pindar and Augustus
  7. Don’t worry, be happy
  8. Augustus, master of the world
  9. A change of mind
  10. Lydia’s tragedy
  11. A prayer to Mercury
  12. A garland from the Muses
  13. Horace’s first Ode
  14. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  15. Horace’s Chloe
  16. Horace the swan
  17. Locked out
  18. The country is best
  19. Last love
  20. Carpe diem, Sestius
  21. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  22. The final ode
  23. Unrequited love
  24. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  25. A prayer to Venus
  26. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  27. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  28. Lalage is too young
  29. A plea for burial
  30. Horace rests from his labours
  31. Gyges’s constancy
  32. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  33. An oath to Maecenas
  34. Mourning for a good man
  35. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  36. Horace’s limitations
  37. Curse you, tree!
  38. Awe for the Gods
  39. Romulus in Heaven
  40. What Roman youth should be
  41. New temples, new morals
  42. Soracte
  43. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  44. Give me comfort, not riches
  45. Neobule
  46. Poscimur
  47. Rome: disaster and salvation
  48. Housman and Horace
  49. An invitation to Maecenas
  50. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  51. Roman values for the new age
  52. The Golden Mean
  53. Postumus, the years slip by
  54. Horace the peacemaker
  55. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  56. Don’t trust Barine
  57. Valgius and Mystes
  58. Stormy seas
  59. The consolations of wine
  60. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  61. Iccius goes soldiering
  62. Fortuna
  63. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  64. Romulus becomes a God
  65. Numida’s back
  66. Diffugere nives
  67. Pyrrha
  68. Some advice for Dellius
  69. Horace’s monument
  70. Relief from care
  71. Here’s to Murena!
  72. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  73. Jealousy
  74. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  75. O Fons Bandusiae
  76. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  77. The fleeting years slip by
  78. A Farewell to arms
  79. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  80. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  81. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  82. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
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