Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  2. Lalage is too young
  3. Rome: disaster and salvation
  4. Last love
  5. Horace’s wine
  6. What Roman youth should be
  7. The Golden Mean
  8. Horace the swan
  9. Stormy seas
  10. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  11. Fortuna
  12. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  13. Jealousy
  14. Some advice for Dellius
  15. A change of mind
  16. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  17. Horace the peacemaker
  18. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  19. A prayer to Venus
  20. Horace rests from his labours
  21. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  22. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  23. Don’t trust Barine
  24. Iccius goes soldiering
  25. Pindar and Augustus
  26. Augustus, master of the world
  27. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  28. Soracte
  29. Don’t worry, be happy
  30. Valgius and Mystes
  31. Horace’s monument
  32. Diffugere nives
  33. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  34. A garland from the Muses
  35. Curse you, tree!
  36. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  37. The final ode
  38. Pyrrha
  39. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  40. Relief from care
  41. Horace’s first Ode
  42. Housman and Horace
  43. An oath to Maecenas
  44. The fleeting years slip by
  45. Postumus, the years slip by
  46. Awe for the Gods
  47. An invitation to Maecenas
  48. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  49. O Fons Bandusiae
  50. Licymnia
  51. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  52. The country is best
  53. Here’s to Murena!
  54. A plea for burial
  55. The consolations of wine
  56. Luxury versus the simple life
  57. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  58. Horace’s limitations
  59. Lydia’s tragedy
  60. Unrequited love
  61. Numida’s back
  62. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  63. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  64. Carpe diem, Sestius
  65. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  66. Poscimur
  67. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  68. A Farewell to arms
  69. Give me comfort, not riches
  70. Mourning for a good man
  71. Horace’s Chloe
  72. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  73. Roman values for the new age
  74. A prayer to Mercury