Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

Metre: (second) Asclepiad, couplets in which a standard twelve-syllable line is preceded by an eight-syllable glyconic.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Horace rests from his labours
  2. A prayer to Faunus
  3. Horace’s fame and Apollo’s gift
  4. Europa’s lament
  5. Relief from care
  6. Horace the peacemaker
  7. Horace, accepted bard of Rome
  8. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  9. A change of mind
  10. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  11. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  12. Numida’s back
  13. Horace invites – Virgil?
  14. Horace’s Chloe
  15. A day off for rain
  16. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  17. Mourning for a good man
  18. Lydia’s tragedy
  19. Roman values for the new age
  20. A tactful compliment
  21. Augustus returns
  22. A prayer to Venus
  23. New temples, new morals
  24. Valgius and Mystes
  25. Diffugere nives
  26. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  27. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  28. Pindar and Augustus
  29. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  30. Curse you, tree!
  31. A plea for burial
  32. Lalage is too young
  33. A Farewell to arms
  34. O Fons Bandusiae
  35. Luxury versus the simple life
  36. The consolations of wine
  37. Poetry, the giver of immortality
  38. Fortuna
  39. Licymnia
  40. An invitation to Maecenas
  41. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  42. Caesar’s safe return
  43. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  44. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  45. Poscimur
  46. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  47. Awe for the Gods
  48. Iccius goes soldiering
  49. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  50. Lyce grows old
  51. Last love
  52. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  53. Horace’s limitations
  54. Pyrrha
  55. Here’s to Murena!
  56. Horace’s wine
  57. Housman and Horace
  58. The country is best
  59. Augustus, master of the world
  60. A dedication to Diana
  61. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  62. Augustus at the pinnacle
  63. An oath to Maecenas
  64. A divine inspiration
  65. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  66. The victories of Drusus and Tiberius
  67. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  68. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  69. Locked out
  70. A garland from the Muses
  71. A country sacrifice
  72. Love lost and found
  73. Horace’s first Ode
  74. The Golden Mean
  75. Neobule
  76. A call for a moral renaissance
  77. Postumus, the years slip by
  78. Late stirrings
  79. The final ode
  80. Horace’s monument
  81. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  82. Gyges’s constancy
  83. Don’t trust Barine
  84. Romulus in Heaven
  85. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  86. An invocation to the lyre
  87. Rome: disaster and salvation
  88. Soracte
  89. A prayer to Mercury
  90. Unrequited love
  91. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  92. Some advice for Dellius
  93. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  94. Carpe diem, Sestius
  95. Be your age, Chloris!
  96. Don’t worry, be happy
  97. Stormy seas
  98. What Roman youth should be
  99. Ligurinus’s unwelcome change
  100. The fleeting years slip by
  101. Romulus becomes a God
  102. Horace the swan
  103. The lust for money versus the simple life
  104. Give me comfort, not riches
  105. Jealousy
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