Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Fortuna
  2. The fleeting years slip by
  3. O Fons Bandusiae
  4. Unrequited love
  5. A call for a moral renaissance
  6. The lust for money versus the simple life
  7. A plea for burial
  8. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  9. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  10. Diffugere nives
  11. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  12. The consolations of wine
  13. Last love
  14. A prayer to Faunus
  15. Late stirrings
  16. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  17. Romulus in Heaven
  18. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  19. A prayer to Venus
  20. Don’t worry, be happy
  21. Horace the peacemaker
  22. Love lost and found
  23. Pyrrha
  24. Pindar and Augustus
  25. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  26. Don’t trust Barine
  27. Soracte
  28. Leave the cares of state, Maecenas
  29. A change of mind
  30. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  31. An invitation to Maecenas
  32. What Roman youth should be
  33. Stormy seas
  34. Horace the swan
  35. Horace’s limitations
  36. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  37. An invocation to the lyre
  38. A country sacrifice
  39. Awe for the Gods
  40. Luxury versus the simple life
  41. Poscimur
  42. An oath to Maecenas
  43. Be your age, Chloris!
  44. A dedication to Diana
  45. Jealousy
  46. Mourning for a good man
  47. Give me comfort, not riches
  48. Some advice for Dellius
  49. Horace’s Chloe
  50. Lydia’s tragedy
  51. Rome: disaster and salvation
  52. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  53. Valgius and Mystes
  54. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  55. Neobule
  56. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  57. Iccius goes soldiering
  58. Augustus, master of the world
  59. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  60. The Golden Mean
  61. Relief from care
  62. A divine inspiration
  63. Numida’s back
  64. Here’s to Murena!
  65. A prayer to Mercury
  66. The final ode
  67. Romulus becomes a God
  68. Horace rests from his labours
  69. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  70. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  71. Horace’s wine
  72. A Farewell to arms
  73. Horace’s monument
  74. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  75. Carpe diem, Sestius
  76. Locked out
  77. Gyges’s constancy
  78. Postumus, the years slip by
  79. Caesar’s safe return
  80. New temples, new morals
  81. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  82. Roman values for the new age
  83. A garland from the Muses
  84. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  85. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  86. Europa’s lament
  87. Licymnia
  88. Lalage is too young
  89. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  90. Curse you, tree!
  91. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  92. A day off for rain
  93. Horace’s first Ode
  94. The country is best
  95. Housman and Horace
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