Odes 1.19

Glycera

by Horace

At first sight, this is a conventional little piece. A man suddenly finding himself gripped by passions that he thought were dead is a stock theme of both Roman and Greek poetry. The references to Scythians and Parthian warriors imply that the speaker wants to be writing about epic themes and the distractions are preventing him. There is something unusual here, however. If this were a love-poet like Propertius or Tibullus, the point would probably be the woman’s unavailability, a problem that the speaker would be keen to solve. Here, the indications are that she may well be available, but, unusually, the speaker wants to slow things down – though he does not seem to be saying “no”.

The closeness of the association between Venus’s divine actions and Glycera as the human woman in whom they are personified is very striking, especially towards the end of the poem: grammatically, the blood sacrifice in the last line could be read as placating either or both of them, though it is hard for a modern reader to judge whether such ambiguity might be intentional on Horace’s part.

See the illustrated blog post here.

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Mater saeva Cupidinum
Thebanaeque iubet me Semelae puer
et lasciva Licentia
finitis animum reddere amoribus.
urit me Glycerae nitor
splendentis Pario marmore purius,
urit grata protervitas
et voltus nimium lubricus aspici.
in me tota ruens Venus
Cyprum deseruit nec patitur Scythas
aut versis animosum equis
Parthum dicere nec quae nihil attinent.
hic vivum mihi caespitem, hic
verbenas, pueri, ponite turaque
bimi cum patera meri:
mactata veniet lenior hostia.

Venus, fierce mother of the cupids, and Bacchus, child of Theban Semele, and wanton Licentiousness command me to surrender myself to loves that I thought were finished. Radiant Glycera’s glow, purer than Parian marble, sets me on fire; so does her engaging forwardness, and her face, too unsettling for my eyes to rest on. Venus has left Cyprus for an all-out assault on me, and does not allow me to compose poetry on the Scythians, or the Parthians wheeling their horses around, nor anything else that is not about her. Slaves, lay me here a living turf, and bring here greenery for the sacrifice and incense, with a libation-cup of two-year wine: she will come on more gently when I have killed her a victim.

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More Poems by Horace

  1. Diffugere nives
  2. Lalage is too young
  3. Rome: disaster and salvation
  4. Augustus, master of the world
  5. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  6. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  7. Last love
  8. The Golden Mean
  9. Awe for the Gods
  10. Licymnia
  11. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  12. An invitation to Maecenas
  13. Unrequited love
  14. Soracte
  15. Horace’s first Ode
  16. A prayer to Venus
  17. Romulus becomes a God
  18. Stormy seas
  19. A change of mind
  20. A plea for burial
  21. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  22. Roman values for the new age
  23. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  24. What Roman youth should be
  25. Jupiter’s authority, and Caesar’s
  26. Curse you, tree!
  27. A prayer to Mercury
  28. Don’t worry, be happy
  29. Locked out
  30. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  31. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  32. Mourning for a good man
  33. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  34. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  35. Valgius and Mystes
  36. Horace’s limitations
  37. A garland from the Muses
  38. Fortuna
  39. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  40. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  41. Postumus, the years slip by
  42. Horace the peacemaker
  43. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  44. Relief from care
  45. Horace the swan
  46. Numida’s back
  47. The final ode
  48. The fleeting years slip by
  49. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  50. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  51. Luxury versus the simple life
  52. Romulus in Heaven
  53. Pyrrha
  54. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  55. The consolations of wine
  56. Jealousy
  57. The country is best
  58. Poscimur
  59. Iccius goes soldiering
  60. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  61. Horace’s monument
  62. Lydia’s tragedy
  63. Don’t trust Barine
  64. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  65. A Farewell to arms
  66. Here’s to Murena!
  67. Gyges’s constancy
  68. Some advice for Dellius
  69. Housman and Horace
  70. Horace’s reverence to Bacchus
  71. Love lost and found
  72. Horace’s wine
  73. O Fons Bandusiae
  74. An oath to Maecenas
  75. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  76. Give me comfort, not riches
  77. Carpe diem, Sestius
  78. Horace’s Chloe
  79. Pindar and Augustus
  80. New temples, new morals
  81. Neobule
  82. Horace rests from his labours
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