Odes Book 2. 19

Horace’s reverence to Bacchus

by Horace

In this hymn to Bacchus, a God he often addresses, Horace achieves a powerful impression of intoxication which feels as though it owes something to spirituality and devotion, as well as to wine. It is packed with mythological reference, from Bacchus’s playful tricks with devotees’ hair to the desperate battle of the Gods to save Olympus from the assault of the Titans. The Thyiadae are Bacchantes, the God’s female devotees. The wife honoured by her crown becoming a constellation was Ariadne, who saved Theseus from the Cretan labyrinth. In the last stanza not even Cerberus, the watchdog of Hades, can resist this awe-inspiring but loveable God – see William Blake’s painting of Cerberus in the illustrated blog post here.

Metre: Alcaic

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Bacchum in remotis carmina rupibus
vidi docentem, credite posteri,
Nymphasque discentis et auris
capripedum Satyrorum acutas.

euhoe, recenti mens trepidat metu,
plenoque Bacchi pectore turbidum
laetatur. euhoe, parce Liber,
parce gravi metuende thyrso.

fas pervicacis est mihi Thyiadas
vinique fontem lactis et uberes
cantare rivos atque truncis
lapsa cavis iterare mella;

fas et beatae coniugis additum
stellis honorem tectaque Penthei
disiecta non leni ruina
Thracis et exitium Lycurgi.

tu flectis amnis, tu mare barbarum,
tu separatis uvidus in iugis
nodo coerces viperino
Bistonidum sine fraude crinis.

tu, cum parentis regna per arduum
cohors gigantum scanderet inpia,
Rhoetum retorsisti leonis
unguibus horribilique mala;

quamquam choreis aptior et iocis
ludoque dictus non sat idoneus
pugnae ferebaris; sed idem
pacis eras mediusque belli.

te vidit insons Cerberus aureo
cornu decorum leniter atterens
caudam et recedentis trilingui
ore pedes tetigitque crura.

I saw Bacchus on the distant crags teaching songs and the Nymphs who learned them, and the pointed ears of the goat-footed Satyrs: believe it, you who are yet to come!

Euoi, my mind reels with the freshness of my fear, and in my breast, possessed by Bacchus, confused rejoicing reigns. Euoi, spare me, Bacchus, spare me from the terrible weight of your staff!

It is right that I should sing of the unwearying Bacchantes, the fountain of wine and the rich streams of milk, and tell of the honey that drips from the hollows of trees;

right and holy to tell of the honour to your wife added to the constellations, of Pentheus’s house destroyed by the most crushing ruin, and of the doom of Thracian Lycurgus.

You change the course of rivers and the savage sea; flushed with wine, on remote mountain ridges you dress the hair of the Thracian women with a harmless knot of serpents.

You, when the sacrilegious gang of Titans climbed the steeps to your Father’s realm, wrenched back Rhoetus with your lion-talons and fearful maw;

supposed to be better suited to dance and merriment, and thought less well equipped for battle, yet you were the same in the midst of peace and war.

Cerberus looked on you and gave no harm, gorgeous with your horn of gold, and, gently wrapping you with his tail as you passed, licked your feet and legs with all three tongues.

`

More Poems by Horace

  1. Horace the peacemaker
  2. Horace returns to lyric poetry
  3. The consolations of wine
  4. Don’t worry, be happy
  5. Stormy seas
  6. Jealousy
  7. Courage and decadence: the Regulus ode
  8. Nereus prophesies the Trojan War
  9. Diana and Apollo: a hymn
  10. Pindar and Augustus
  11. Postumus, the years slip by
  12. A prayer to Venus
  13. Fortuna
  14. The final ode
  15. Mourning for a good man
  16. The country is best
  17. The fleeting years slip by
  18. Last love
  19. O Fons Bandusiae
  20. Augustus, master of the world
  21. The pleasures and dangers of wine
  22. Wealth should be used, not hoarded
  23. Don’t trust Barine
  24. A prayer to Mercury
  25. Pollio’s histories of civil war
  26. Unrequited love
  27. Luxury versus the simple life
  28. Here’s to Murena!
  29. The tug-of-war for Nearchus
  30. A Prayer to the poetry-God
  31. Iccius goes soldiering
  32. Pyrrha
  33. Rome: disaster and salvation
  34. Lovely mother, lovelier daughter
  35. Valgius and Mystes
  36. A change of mind
  37. What Roman youth should be
  38. Horace’s monument
  39. Horace, the wolf and the upright life
  40. A plea for burial
  41. Love a slave-girl? Oh, Xanthias!
  42. Tibur or Tarentum: a poet’s dilemma?
  43. Housman and Horace
  44. Horace’s Cleopatra ode
  45. Carpe diem, Sestius
  46. The Golden Mean
  47. Horace rests from his labours
  48. Lalage is too young
  49. Celebrating Neptune’s feast day
  50. Gathering rosebuds: carpe diem
  51. Awe for the Gods
  52. Diffugere nives
  53. A garland from the Muses
  54. Horace’s prayer to a wine-jar
  55. Give me comfort, not riches
  56. Glycera
  57. Poscimur
  58. An invitation to Maecenas
  59. Soracte
  60. A Farewell to arms
  61. Horace’s limitations
  62. Horace’s wine
  63. Horace welcomes his army comrade
  64. Some advice for Dellius
  65. Numida’s back
  66. Horace’s first Ode
  67. Horace’s Chloe
  68. Lydia’s tragedy
    69. View Latin Poems
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