In a piece which seems to have been written at a dangerous point some years before Horace launched his first three books of odes in 23 BCE, he turns for help to the Goddess Fortuna, while recognising that the fortunes that she has in store for Rome after a long period of civil wars could be bad as well as good. This ode seems as deeply and personally felt as any that Horace wrote, and is surely no mere literary exercise.

In the illustration, from a mediaeval manuscript of the Carmina Burana, Fortuna governs the cycle of life.

Hear Horace’s Latin and follow in English here.

Are the Olympian Gods – if they exist – too remote to take an interest in human affairs, as the followers of the Philosopher Epicurus thought? An awe-inspiring natural event causes Horace to think again about his beliefs. Hear Horace’s Latin and follow in English here.

In this wall painting from Herculaneum, Zeus and Hera celebrate their marriage; see photo credits for licensing details.

Horace’s second Ode reflects on the world of Rome turned upside down by civil war and restored to an even keel by the Emperor Augustus. Hear Horace’s Latin performed and follow in translation here; see the illustrated blog post here.

An important part of Horace’s project in the odes was to use his poetic skills to celebrate Augustus, and to contribute to consolidating his standing in Roman society as an object of supreme veneration and deference. Hear an early example of a poem of fulsome praise for the first Emperor from the first book of Odes in Horace’s Latin and follow in English here.

The magnificent “Blacas” cameo, named after a previous possessor, was probably made soon after Augustus’s death and is in the collection of the British Museum.

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