Metamorphoses Book 13, lines 789 - 869

The Cyclops in Love

by Ovid

Many of the appearances of Polyphemus the Cyclops in ancient art show him as the monster who is foiled and blinded by the shrewd Odysseus, but almost as many show him as a lover, if a clumsy one.

In the Metamorphoses, Ovid has reached the story of Aeneas’s travels from Troy to Italy. Scylla, the sea-monster, has left her spot opposite the whirlpool, Charybdis, to visit the sea-nymph Galatea (Ovid seems to take Aeneas’s political and dynastic significance for the new Imperial family less seriously than his contemporary Virgil). Galatea tells how Polyphemus fell in love with her, while she loved only Acis, the mortal son of the God Faunus. It will end badly, with Acis dead and transformed into a spring, Galatea bereft and Polyphemus spurned, but before that point is reached, Galatea quotes the song with which the Cyclops tried to woo her. Based on versions by Theocritus and Callimachus, Greek scholar-poets writing inAlexandria about three centuries earlier, it is one of Ovid’s masterpieces, filled with a naivety which is both comic and deeply touching. One could feel pity and affection for this Cyclops, if only he could curb his temper and stop tearing people to pieces and eating them.

Fans of Horace will spot that in the third line Ovid is doffing his hat to Odes 3.13, “O fons Bandusiae”, which you can listen to here.

See the illustrated blog post here.

Link to the story of Odysseus and the Cyclops in Homer’s Greek and Samuel Butler’s English here.

To listen, press play:

To scroll the original and English translation of the poem at the same time - tap inside one box to select it and then scroll.

“Candidior folio nivei, Galatea, ligustri,
floridior pratis, longa procerior alno,
splendidior vitro, tenero lascivior haedo,
levior adsiduo detritis aequore conchis,
solibus hibernis, aestiva gratior umbra,
nobilior pomis, platano conspectior alta,
lucidior glacie, matura dulcior uva,
mollior et cygni plumis et lacte coacto
et, si non fugias, riguo formosior horto:
saevior indomitis eadem Galatea iuvencis,
durior annosa quercu, fallacior undis,
lentior et salicis virgis et vitibus albis,
his inmobilior scopulis, violentior amne,
laudato pavone superbior, acrior igni,
asperior tribulis, feta truculentior ursa,
surdior aequoribus, calcato inmitior hydro,
et, quod praecipue vellem tibi demere possem,
non tantum cervo claris latratibus acto,
verum etiam ventis volucrique fugacior aura!
at bene si noris, pigeat fugisse morasque
ipsa tuas damnes et me retinere labores.
Sunt mihi, pars montis, vivo pendentia saxo
antra, quibus nec sol medio sentitur in aestu
nec sentitur hiems; sunt poma gravantia ramos,
sunt auro similes longis in vitibus uvae,
sunt et purpureae: tibi et has servamus et illas.
ipsa tuis manibus silvestri nata sub umbra
mollia fraga leges, ipsa autumnalia corna
prunaque, non solum nigro liventia suco,
verum etiam generosa novasque imitantia ceras.
nec tibi castaneae me coniuge, nec tibi deerunt
arbutei fetus: omnis tibi serviet arbor.
hoc pecus omne meum est, multae quoque vallibus errant,
multas silva tegit, multae stabulantur in antris.
nec, si forte roges, possim tibi dicere, quot sint:
pauperis est numerare pecus! De laudibus harum
nil mihi credideris: praesens potes ipse videre,
ut vix circueant distentum cruribus uber.
sunt, fetura minor, tepidis in ovilibus agni,
sunt quoque, par aetas, aliis in ovilibus haedi.
lac mihi semper adest niveum: pars inde bibenda
servatur, partem liquefacta coagula durant.
nec tibi deliciae faciles vulgataque tantum
munera contingent, dammae leporesque caperque
parve columbarum demptusve cacumine nidus:
inveni geminos, qui tecum ludere possint,
inter se similes, vix ut dignoscere possis,
villosae catulos in summis montibus ursae,
inveni et dixi “dominae servabimus istos!”
iam modo caeruleo nitidum caput exsere ponto,
iam, Galatea, veni, nec munera despice nostra.
certe ego me novi liquidaeque in imagine vidi
nuper aquae, placuitque mihi mea forma videnti.
adspice, sim quantus! Non est hoc corpore maior
Iuppiter in caelo: nam vos narrare soletis,
nescio quem regnare Iovem. Coma plurima torvos
prominet in vultus umerosque, ut lucus, obumbrat.
nec mea quod rigidis horrent densissima saetis
corpora, turpe puta (turpis sine frondibus arbor,
turpis equus, nisi colla iubae flaventia velent!);
pluma tegit volucres, ovibus sua lana decori est:
barba viros hirtaeque decent in corpore saetae.
unum est in media lumen mihi fronte, sed instar
ingentis clipei. quid? non haec omnia magnus
Sol videt e caelo? Soli tamen unicus orbis!
adde, quod in vestro genitor meus aequore regnat:
hunc tibi do socerum; tantum miserere precesque
supplicis exaudi! tibi enim succumbimus uni.
quique Iovem et caelum sperno et penetrabile fulmen,
Nerei, te veneror: tua fulmine saevior ira est. —
atque ego contemptus essem patientior huius,
si fugeres omnes; sed cur Cyclope repulso
Acin amas praefersque meis complexibus Acin?
Ille tamen placeatque sibi placeatque licebit,
quod nollem, Galatea, tibi; modo copia detur,
sentiet esse mihi tanto pro corpore vires!
viscera viva traham divisaque membra per agros
perque tuas spargam (sic se tibi misceat!) undas.
uror enim, laesusque exaestuat acrior ignis,
cumque suis videor translatam viribus Aetnam
pectore ferre meo: nec tu, Galatea, moveris.”

“Galatea, fairer than the leaf of the snow-white privet, more flowering than meadows, taller than the high alder, brighter than crystal, more playful than a tender kid, your complexion smoother than shell polished by constant seas, more pleasing than sun in winter and the summer shade, more stately than the fruit-trees, more eye-catching than the plane-tree, more brilliant than ice, sweeter than the ripened grape, softer than swansdown and curdled milk and, when you are not running away, more beautiful than a well-watered garden. And the same Galatea, more savage than untamed young bulls, harder than seasoned oak, unpredictable as the waves, tougher than willow-withies and the pale grapevine, more immovable than these crags, more violent than a river, prouder than the lauded peacock, fiercer than fire, pricklier than a thistle, more quarrelsome than a pregnant she-bear, deafer than the sea, fiercer than a trodden snake, and – if only I could take this from you – faster in flight, not just than a stag chased by belling hounds, than the winds and the rushing air! But if you knew me well, you’d be sorry you ran away, blame yourself for being standoffish and take pains to keep me! I have caves, set in the mountain, and overhanging the living rock, where you don’t feel the sun inside at the height of summer or the cold in winter; I have apples weighing down the branches and grapes like gold in bunches on long vine-stems, and red ones too, and I am keeping both for you! You will pick tender strawberries with your own hands in the woodland shade, and cornel-cherries in autumn, and not just plums that are bursting with dark juice, but the really choicest kind as well, looking just like fresh beeswax! With me as your husband, you won’t be short of chestnuts, nor arbutus-fruits, every tree will be there for you! This flock is all mine, and many more are wandering in the dells, and there are lots in the wood, and lots folded in my caves, and if you asked me, I couldn’t tell you how many there are – counting sheep is for poor people! Don’t take my word for how good they are – if you went, you could see for yourself how they can hardly walk, their udders are so full! And I’ve got young stock, lambs in warm pens, and kids the same age penned separate. I’ve always got snowy milk, some kept for drinking, and some that gets hardened with liquid rennet. And it won’t just be ordinary pleasures and common gifts for you, but does and hares and a billy-goat and a pair of doves and their nest brought from the treetops! I found twin cubs of a shaggy she-bear high on the mountain, so alike you can hardly tell one from the other, that could play with you, when I found them, I said, ‘we’ll keep those for our lady!’ Now just put that shining head of yours out of the blue sea, Galatea, come now, don’t look down on what I have to give! I surely saw and recognised myself just now in a reflection in the water, and I liked what I saw. Look how big I am! Jupiter in the sky isn’t bigger than this body of mine, or so you people say, I don’t know who this King Jove is. I’ve got lots of hair hanging over my wild face and shading my shoulders like a grove of trees. And don’t think that my body’s ugly because it’s packed so thickly with wiry bristles – ugly is a tree without leaves, or a horse with no mane to cover its golden neck! Birds wear feathers, and sheep’s wool suits them: it’s a beard suits men, and wiry bristles on your body! I’ve got one eye on my forehead, but it’s like a great big shield. So what? Doesn’t the great Sun see all there is from the sky? The Sun’s only got one eye! What’s more, my father is the ruler in your sea. That’s who I’m giving you as a father-in-law. Only, have pity, and hear a suppliant’s prayer, because I have fallen for you alone.  I am one who spurns Jove and Heaven and his piercing lightning, but, my Nereid, I worship you – your anger is fiercer than any thunderbolt.  I’d suffer this contempt better if you avoided all men, but why do you turn down a Cyclops and then love Acis, and prefer Acis to my embraces? I’d rather let him please himself, and good luck to him, but I don’t want him to please you, Galatea! Just give me a chance, and he’ll find out how much strength I’ve got in a body as big as mine! I’ll rip out his living entrails, tear him apart and scatter the bits through your waters – let him become one with you that way! Because I’m burning, and a fire that’s poked burns all the stronger, and I seem to be carrying Etna lodged in my chest with all of its power, and you, Galatea, will not be moved!”

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